Recording medium, recording apparatus and recording method for recording data into recording medium, and reproducing apparatus, and reproducing method for reproducing data from recording medium

ABSTRACT

Data is recorded in a data area of a disk in a hierarchical structure of program chains, programs, cells and packs, each pack is constructed by a pack header for identifying the pack and a packet having a data stream recorded therein, the packet has a packet header having a stream ID indicating at least a private stream and a sub-stream ID indicating the classification of the private stream described therein, and the classification indicates packet data of Dolby AC3 audio data, packet data of linear audio data, packet data of sub-picture data, or packet data of computer data.

This application is a divisional of application Ser. No. 09/785,161,filed on Feb. 20, 2001, now abandoned, which is a continuation ofapplication Ser. No. 09/392,788, filed on Sep. 9, 1999, now abandoned,which is a continuation of application Ser. No. 09/005,027, filed onJan. 12, 1998, now abandoned, which is a divisional of application Ser.No. 08/630,250, filed on Apr. 10, 1996, now U.S. Pat. No. 6,134,383, andfor which priority is claimed under 35 U.S.C. §121 & 35 U.S.C. §120.This application is based upon and claims the benefit of priority under35 U.S.C. § 119 from the prior Japanese Patent Application No.07-085693, filed on Apr. 11, 1995.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

1. Field of the Invention

This invention relates to a recording medium, such as an optical disk,for recording data items of different classifications used for differentpurposes, for example, compressed moving picture data and audio data, arecording apparatus for recording data into the recording medium, arecording method for recording data into the recording medium, areproducing apparatus for reproducing data from the recording medium,and a reproducing method for reproducing data from the recording medium.

2. Description of the Related Art

Conventionally, an MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group) system isinternationally standardized as a system for compressing (coding)digital moving picture image data and audio data. The MPEG compressionsystem is a system for subjecting digital moving picture image data andaudio data to the variable-length compression.

Further, the system format system corresponding to the MPEG compressionsystem is defined as an MPEG system layer.

The MPEG system layer is defined so as to be easily dealt with in acommunication system, and transfer starting time and reproductionstarting time represented by using reference time are defined for movingpicture data, audio data and other data so that the above data items canbe transferred and reproduced in synchronism with one another.

Further, in the MPEG system layer, the data classifications of movingpicture compressed data stream (MPEG moving picture data) and audiocompressed data stream (MPEG audio data) are defined by use of streamID, and the other data classifications can be defined by the user as aprivate stream.

However, in this case, the user can add but two kinds of dataclassification, and the expandability is limited.

As a result, it becomes impossible to deal with various classificationsof data items and cope with a variety of conditions in the multimediaage.

Further, if a maximum data length is set for packets of data other thanMPEG audio data and if the data length of the packet cannot be dividedby the number of data items of a completed frame data block, thepreceding data block will enter the packet and there occurs apossibility that the starting address of the frame data block cannot bedetermined, and when data is reproduced halfway, it may be impossible toreproduce the data.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

An object of this invention is to make it possible to deal with variousclassifications of data items.

Further, another object of this invention is to make it possible toreproduce data halfway when data to be dealt with is linear audio data,and to make it possible to easily detect the environment in which datacan be used when data to be dealt with is computer data.

According to this invention, there is provided a recording mediumcomprising a management area and a data area, wherein data is dividedinto a plurality of program chains and recorded in the data area in ahierarchical structure in which each of the program chains isconstructed by a plurality of programs, one program is constructed by aplurality of cells, and one cell is constructed by a plurality of packs,each pack is constructed by a pack header for identifying the pack and apacket having a data stream recorded therein, and the packet isconstructed by a picket header having data indicating at least a privatestream, data indicating the classification of the private stream, andpacket data corresponding to the classification. Management data formanaging the connection between the program chains, programs, cells andpacks in the data area is recorded in the management area.

According to this invention, there is provided a recording mediumcomprising a management area and a data area, wherein a plurality ofprograms are recorded in the data area in a hierarchical structure inwhich one program is constructed by a plurality of packs, each pack isconstructed by a pack header for identifying the pack and a packethaving a data stream recorded therein, and the packet is constructed bya packet header having data indicating at least a private stream, dataindicating the classification of the private stream, and packet datacorresponding to the classification. Management data for managing theconnection between the programs and packs in the data area is recordedin the management area.

According to this invention, there is provided a recording apparatus forrecording data on a recording medium which includes a management areaand a data area and in which data is divided into a plurality of programchains and recorded in the data area in a hierarchical structure inwhich each of the program chains is constructed by a plurality ofprograms, one program is constructed by a plurality of cells, and onecell is constructed by a plurality of packs, each pack includes a packheader for identifying the pack and a packet having data recordedtherein. The recording apparatus includes a reception means forreceiving audio data or sub-picture data; first creating means forcreating a pack by adding a pack header for identifying the pack to apacket which includes packet data constructed by frame data of part ofaudio data received by the reception means, a start address of the framedata, a stream number of the audio data and data indicating the audiodata, and a packet header having a packet length and data indicatingthat the packet data is a private stream; second creating means forcreating a pack by adding a pack header for identifying the pack to apacket which includes packet data constructed by part of sub-picturedata received by the reception means, a stream number of the sub-picturedata and data indicating the sub-picture data, and a packet headerhaving a packet length and data indicating that the packet data is aprivate stream; and recording means for recording the pack created bythe first and second creating means on the recording medium.

According to this invention, there is provided a recording apparatus forrecording data on a recording medium which includes a management areaand a data area and in which data is divided into a plurality of programchains and recorded in the data area in a hierarchical structure inwhich each of the program chains is constructed by a plurality ofprograms, one program is constructed by a plurality of cells, and onecell is constructed by a plurality of packs, each pack includes a packheader for identifying the pack and a packet having data recordedtherein. The recording apparatus includes a reception means forreceiving Dolby AC3 audio data, linear audio data, computer data orsub-picture data; first creating means for creating a pack by adding apack header for identifying the pack to a packet which includes packetdata constructed by frame data of part of Dolby AC3 audio data receivedby the reception means, a start address of the frame data, a streamnumber of the Dolby AC3 audio data and data indicating the Dolby AC3audio data, and a packet header having a packet length and dataindicating that the packet data is a private stream; second creatingmeans for creating a pack by adding a pack header for identifying thepack to a packet which includes packet data constructed by frame data ofpart of linear audio data received by the reception means, a startaddress of the frame data, a stream number of the linear audio data anddata indicating the linear audio data, and a packet header having apacket length and data indicating that the packet data is a privatestream; third creating means for creating a pack by adding a pack headerfor identifying the pack to a packet which includes packet dataconstructed by part of computer data received by the reception means,environmental data of an application CPU and application OS of thecomputer data and data indicating the computer data, and a packet headerhaving a packet length and data indicating that the packet data is aprivate stream; fourth creating means for creating a pack by adding apack header for identifying the pack to a packet which includes packetdata constructed by part of sub-picture data received by the receptionmeans, a stream number of the sub-picture data and data indicating thesub-picture data, and a packet header having a packet length and dataindicating that the packet data is a private stream; and recording meansfor recording the pack created by the first to fourth creating means onthe recording medium.

According to this invention, there is provided a reproducing apparatusfor reproducing recorded data for each pack from a recording mediumwhich includes a management area formed in part of an area, and a dataarea formed in another area and in which data is divided into aplurality of program chains and recorded in the data area in ahierarchical structure in which each of the program chains isconstructed by a plurality of programs, one program is constructed by aplurality of cells, and one cell is constructed by a plurality of packs,each pack includes a pack header for identifying the pack and a packethaving data recorded therein. The reproducing apparatus includes areading means for reading data for each pack on the recording medium;first determining means for determining whether or not data indicating aprivate stream is present in a packet header of a pack read by thereading means and determining data length; second determining means fordetermining whether data is audio data or sub-picture data according toclassification data of a stream which is successively read when thefirst determining means has determined the private stream; firstextraction means for extracting audio data in the pack data read by thereading means by an amount corresponding to the data length determinedby the first determining means according to a start address of framedata which is successively read after the classification data of thestream when the second determining means has determined the audio data;second extraction means for extracting data in the pack datasuccessively read by the reading means after the classification data-ofthe stream by an amount corresponding to the data length determined bythe first determining means when the second determining means hasdetermined the sub-picture data; demodulating means for subjecting dataextracted by the first or second extraction means to a demodulationprocess corresponding to classification of data determined by the seconddetermining means; and output means for outputting data demodulated bythe demodulating means.

According to this invention, there is provided a reproducing apparatusfor reproducing recorded data for each pack from a recording mediumwhich includes a management area formed in part of an area, and a dataarea formed in another area and in which data is divided into aplurality of program chains and recorded in the data area in ahierarchical structure in which each of the program chains isconstructed by a plurality of programs, one program is constructed by aplurality of cells, and one cell is constructed by a plurality of packs,each pack includes a pack header for identifying the pack and a packethaving data recorded therein. The reproducing apparatus includes areading means for reading data for each pack on the recording medium;first determining means for determining whether or not data indicating aprivate stream is present in a packet header of a pack read by thereading means and determining data length; second determining means fordetermining whether data is Dolby AC3 audio data, linear audio data,computer data or sub-picture data according to classification data of astream which is successively read when the first determining means hasdetermined the private stream; first extraction means for extractingDolby AC3 audio data or linear audio data in the pack data read by thereading means by an amount corresponding to the data length determinedby the first determining means according to a start address of framedata which is successively read after the classification data of thestream when the second determining means has determined the Dolby AC3audio data or linear audio data; second extraction means for extractingenvironmental data of application CPU and application OS successivelyread after the classification data of the stream and extracting data inthe pack data successively read by the reading means after theenvironmental data by an amount corresponding to the data lengthdetermined by the first determining means when the second determiningmeans has determined the computer data; third extraction means forextracting data in the pack data successively read by the reading meansafter the classification data of the stream by an amount correspondingto the data length determined by the first determining means when thesecond determining means has determined the sub-picture data;demodulating means for subjecting data extracted by the first or thirdextraction means to a demodulation process corresponding to theclassification of data determined by the second determining means; firstoutput means for outputting data demodulated by the demodulating means;and second output means for outputting program data extracted by thesecond extraction means and environmental data thereof.

Additional objects and advantages of the invention will be set forth inthe description which follows, and in part will be obvious from thedescription, or may be learned by practice of the invention. The objectsand advantages of the invention may be realized and obtained by means ofthe instrumentalities and combinations particularly pointed out in theappended claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute apart of the specification, illustrate a presently preferred embodimentof the invention and, together with the general description given aboveand the detailed description of the preferred embodiment given below,serve to explain the principles of the invention.

FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of an optical disk apparatusaccording to an embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 2 is a detailed block diagram of the mechanical section of the diskdrive unit of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a schematic perspective view of the structure of an opticaldisk loaded in the disk drive unit of FIG. 1;

FIG. 4 shows the structure of the logic format of the optical disk ofFIG. 3;

FIG. 5 shows the structure of the video manager of FIG. 4;

FIG. 6 shows an example of the structure of the video object set (VOBS)shown in FIG. 5;

FIG. 7 is a diagram to help explain the structure of the video objectunit of FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 shows the parameters and contents of the video manger informationmanagement table (VMGI_MAT) in the video manager (VMGI) of FIG. 5;

FIG. 9 shows the structure of the title search pointer table (TT_SRPT)in the video manager (VMGI) of FIG. 5;

FIG. 10 shows the parameters and contents of the title search pointertable information (TT-SRPTI) in the title search pointer table (TSPT) ofFIG. 9;

FIG. 11 shows the parameters and contents of the title search pointer(TT_SRP) corresponding to the input number in the title search pointertable (TSPT) of FIG. 9;

FIG. 12 illustrates the structure of the video title set of FIG. 4;

FIG. 13 shows the parameters and contents of the video title setinformation management table (VTSI_MAT) of the video title setinformation (VTSI) of FIG. 12;

FIG. 14 illustrates the structure of the video title set program chaininformation table (VTS_PGCIT) of the video title set information (VTSI)of FIG. 12;

FIG. 15 shows the parameters and contents of the information(VTS_PGCIT_I) in the video title set program chain information table(VTS_PGCIT) of FIG. 14;

FIG. 16 shows the parameters and contents of the search pointer(VTS_PGCIT_SRP) corresponding to the program chain in the video titleset program chain information table (VTS_PGCIT) of FIG. 14;

FIG. 17 illustrates the structure of the program chain information(VTS_PGCI) in the video set corresponding to the program chain in thevideo title set program chain information table (VTS_PGCIT) of FIG. 14;

FIG. 18 shows the parameters and contents of the program chain generalinformation (PGC_GI) in the program chain information (VTS_PGCI) of FIG.17;

FIG. 19 illustrates the structure of a program chain map (PGC_PGMAP) ofthe program chain information (VTS_PGCI) of FIG. 17;

FIG. 20 shows the parameters and contents of the entry cell numbers(ECELLN) corresponding to the programs written in the program chain map(PGC_PGMAP) of FIG. 19;

FIG. 21 illustrate the structure of the cell playback information table(C_PBIT) of the program chain information (VTS_PGCI) of FIG. 17;

FIG. 22 shows the parameters and contents of the cell playbackinformation table (C_PBIT) of FIG. 21;

FIG. 23 illustrates the structure of the cell position information(C_POSI) in the program chain information (VTS_PGCI) of FIG. 18;

FIG. 24 shows the parameters and contents of the cell positioninformation (C_POSI) of FIG. 23;

FIG. 25 illustrates the structure of the navigation pack of FIG. 6;

FIG. 26 illustrates the structure of the video, audio, sub-picture, orVBI pack of FIG. 6;

FIG. 27 shows the parameters and contents of the playback controlinformation (PCI) in the navigation pack of FIG. 26;

FIG. 28 shows the parameters and contents of the general information(PCI_GI) in the playback control information (PCI) of FIG. 27;

FIG. 29 shows the parameters and contents of the disk search information(DSI) in the navigation pack of FIG. 26;

FIG. 30 shows the parameters and contents of the DSI general information(DSI_GI) in the disk search information of FIG. 29;

FIG. 31 shows the parameters and contents of the synchronizing playbackinformation (SYNCI) on the video object (VOB) of FIG. 29;

FIGS. 32, 33 are diagrams for illustrating the structure of a pack;

FIG. 34 is a diagram for illustrating an example of adjustment in a casewhere the adjustment data length is seven bytes or more;

FIG. 35 is a diagram for illustrating an example of adjustment in a casewhere the adjustment data length is six bytes or less;

FIGS. 36A, 36B are diagrams for illustrating the structure of a videopack;

FIGS. 37A, 37B are diagrams for illustrating the structure of an audiopack;

FIG. 38 is a diagram for illustrating the structure of a sub-picturepack;

FIG. 39 is a diagram for illustrating the structure of a computer datapack;

FIG. 40 is a diagram for illustrating the environmental classificationof computer data;

FIG. 41 is a diagram for illustrating the structure of stream ID;

FIG. 42 is a diagram for illustrating the content of sub-stream ID forprivate stream 1;

FIG. 43 is a diagram for illustrating the content of sub-stream ID forprivate stream 2;

FIG. 44 is a diagram for illustrating the structure of an audio pack andpacket;

FIG. 45 is a diagram for illustrating the structure of a computer datapack and packet;

FIG. 46 is a diagram for illustrating the structure of a sub-picturepack and packet;

FIG. 47 is a block diagram for illustrating the construction of a packettransfer processing section;

FIG. 48 is a flowchart for illustrating the procedure of a reproductionprocess for video data, audio data, sub-picture data, and computer data;

FIG. 49 is a flowchart for illustrating the packet transferring process;

FIG. 50 is a block diagram of an encoder system that encodes the videodata and generates a video file;

FIG. 51 is a flowchart for an encoding process of FIG. 50;

FIG. 52 is a flowchart for combining the main video data, audio data,and sup-picture data all encoded according to the flow of FIG. 51 tocreate a video data file;

FIG. 53 is a block diagram of a disk formatter system that records theformatted video files on an optical disk;

FIG. 54 is a flowchart for creating logic data to be recorded on a diskin the disk formatter of FIG. 53;

FIG. 55 is a flowchart for creating from the logic data the physicaldata to be recorded on a disk; and

FIG. 56 is a schematic diagram of a system that transfers the videotitle set of FIG. 4 via a communication route.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

Hereinafter, referring to the accompanying drawings, an optical diskreproducing apparatus according to an embodiment of the presentinvention will be explained.

FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an optical disk reproducing apparatus thatreproduces the data from an optical disk associated with an embodimentof the present invention. FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the disk drivesection that drives the optical disk shown in FIG. 1. FIG. 3 shows thestructure of the optical disk shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.

As shown in FIG. 1, the optical disk reproducing apparatus comprises akey/display section 4, a monitor section 6, and a speaker section 8.When the user operates the key/display section 4, this causes therecorded data to be reproduced from an optical disk 10. The recordeddata contains video data; sub-picture data, and audio data, which areconverted into video signals and audio signals. The monitor section 6displays images according to the video signals and the speaker section 8generates sound according to the audio signals.

It is known that the optical disk 10 can have various structures. Forinstance, one type of the optical disk 10 is a read-only disk on whichdata is recorded with a high density as shown in FIG. 3. The opticaldisk 10, as shown in FIG. 3, is made up of a pair of composite layers 18and an adhesive layer 20 sandwiched between the composite disk layers18. Each of the composite disk layers 18 is composed of a transparentsubstrate 14 and a recording layer or a light-reflecting layer 16. Thedisk layer 18 is arranged so that the light-reflecting layer 16 may bein contact with the surface of the adhesive layer 20. A center hole 22is made in the optical disk 10. On the periphery of the center hole 22on both sides, clamping areas 24 are provided which are used to clampthe optical disk 10 during its rotation. When the disk 10 is loaded inthe optical disk apparatus, the spindle of a spindle motor 12 shown inFIG. 2 is inserted into the center hole 22. As long as the disk is beingrotated, it continues clamped at the clamping areas 24.

As shown in FIG. 3, the optical disk 10 has an information zone 25around the clamping zone 24 on each side, the information zones allowingthe information to be recorded on the optical disk 10. In eachinformation area 25, its outer circumference area is determined to be alead-out area 26 in which no information is normally recorded, its innercircumference area adjoining the clamping area 24 is determined to be alead-in area 27 in which no information is normally recorded, and thearea between the lead-out area 26 and the lead-in area 27 is determinedto be a data recording area 28.

At the recording layer 16 in the information area 25, a continuousspiral track is normally formed as an area in which data is to berecorded. The continuous track is divided into a plurality of physicalsectors, which are assigned serial numbers. On the basis of the sectors,data is recorded. The data recording area 28 in the informationrecording area 25 is an actual data recording area, in which managementdata, main video data, sub-picture data, and audio data are recorded inthe form of pits (that is, in the form of changes in the physical state)as explained later. With the read-only optical disk 10, a train of pitsis previously formed in the transparent substrate 14 by a stamper, areflecting layer is formed by evaporation on the surface of thetransparent substrate 14 in which the pit train is formed, and thereflecting layer serves as the recording layer 16. In the read-onlyoptical disk 10, a groove is normally not provided as a track and thepit train in the surface of the transparent substrate 14 serves as atrack.

The optical disk apparatus 12, as shown in FIG. 1, further comprises adisk drive section 30, a system CPU section 50, a system ROM/RAM section52, a system processor section 54, a data RAM section 60, a videodecoder 58, an audio decoder section 60, a sub-picture decoder section62, and a D/A and data reproducing section 64. The system processorsection 54 is provided with a system time clock (STC) 54A and a register54B. The video decorder section 58, audio decorder section 60, andsub-picture decorder section 62 are also provided with system timeclocks (STC) 58A, 60A, 62A, respectively.

As shown in FIG. 2, the disk drive section 30 contains a motor drivingcircuit 11, a spindle motor 12, an optical head 32 (i.e., an opticalpickup), a feed motor 33, a focus circuit 36, a feed motor drivingcircuit 37, a tracking circuit 38, a head amplifier 40, and a servoprocessing circuit 44. The optical disk 10 is placed on the spindlemotor 12 driven by the motor driving circuit 11 and is rotated by thespindle motor 12. The optical head 32 that projects a laser beam on theoptical disk 10 is located under the optical disk 10. The optical head32 is placed on a guide mechanism (not shown). The feed motor drivingcircuit 37 is provided to supply a driving signal to the feed motor 33.The motor 33 is driven by the driving signal and moves in and out theoptical head 32 across the radius of the optical disk 10. The opticalhead 32 is provided with an object lens 34 positioned so as to face theoptical disk 10. The object lens 34 is moved according to the drivingsignal supplied from the focus circuit 36 so as to move along itsoptical axis.

To reproduce the data from the above optical disk, the optical head 32projects a laser beam on the optical disk 10 via the object lens 34. Theobject lens 34 is moved little by little across the radius of theoptical disk 10 according to the driving signal supplied from thetracking circuit 38. Furthermore, the object lens 34 is moved along itsoptical axis according to the driving signal supplied from the focusingcircuit 36 so that its focal point may be positioned on the recordinglayer 16 of the optical disk 10. This causes the laser beam to form thesmallest beam spot on the spiral track (i.e., the pit train), enablingthe beam spot to trace the track. The laser beam is reflected from therecording layer 16 and returned to the optical head 32. The optical head32 converts the beam reflected from the optical disk 10 into an electricsignal, which is supplied from the optical head 32 to the servoprocessing circuit 44 via the head amplifier 40. From the electricsignal, the servo processing circuit 44 produces a focus signal, atracking signal, and a motor control signal and supplies these signalsto the focus circuit 36, tracking circuit 38, and motor driving circuit11, respectively.

Therefore, the object lens 34 is moved along its optical axis and acrossthe radius of the optical disk 10, its focal point is positioned on therecording layer 16 of the optical disk 10, and the laser beam forms thesmallest beam spot on the spiral track. Furthermore, the spindle motor12 is rotated by the motor driving circuit 11 at a specific rotatingspeed. This allows the beam to track at, for example, a constant linearspeed.

The system CPU section 50 of FIG. 1 supplies to the servo processingcircuit 44 a control signal serving as an access signal. In response tothe control signal, the servo processing circuit 44 supplies ahead-moving signal to the feed motor driving circuit 37, which suppliesa driving signal to the feed motor 33. Then, the feed motor 33 isdriven, causing the optical head 32 to move across the radius of theoptical disk 10. Then, the optical head 32 accesses a specific sectorformed at the recording layer 16 of the optical disk 10. The data isreproduced from the specific sector by the optical head 32, which thensupplies it to the head amplifier 40. The head amplifier 40 amplifiesthe reproduced data, which is outputted at the disk drive section 30.

The reproduced data is transferred and stored in a data RAM section 56by the system processor section 54 which is controlled by the system CPUsection 50 which is operated in accordance with the programs stored inthe system ROM/RAM section 52. The stored reproduced data is processedat the system processor section 54, which sorts the data into videodata, audio data, and sub-picture data, which are supplied to the videodecoder section 58, audio decoder section 60, and sub-picture decodersection 62, respectively, and are decoded at the respective decoders.The D/A and data-reproducing section 64 converts the decoded video data,audio data, and sub-picture data into an analog video signal, an analogaudio signal, and an analog sub-picture signal, subjects these signal toa mixing process, and supplies the resulting video signal andsub-picture signal to the monitor section 6 and the resulting audiosignal to the speaker section 8. Then, on the basis of the video signaland sup-picture signal, an image is displayed on the monitor section 6and according to the audio signal, sound is simultaneously reproducedfrom the speaker section 8.

The detailed operation of the optical disk apparatus of FIG. 1 will bedescribed later with reference to the logic format of the optical diskexplained below.

The data recording area 28 between the lead-in area 27 and the lead-outarea 26 on the optical disk of FIG. 1 has a volume and file structure asshown in FIG. 4. The structure has been determined in conformity tospecific logic format standards, such as Micro UDF or ISO 9660. The datarecording area 28 is physically divided into a plurality of sectors asdescribed earlier. These physical sectors are assigned serial numbers.In the following explanation, a logical address correspods to a logicalsector number (LSN) as Determined in Micro UDF or ISO 9660. Like aphysical sector, a logical sector contains 2048 bytes. The numbers (LSN)of logical sectors are assigned consecutively in ascending order as thephysical sector number increments.

As shown in FIG. 4, the volume and file structure is a hierarchicstructure and contains a volume and file structure area 70, a videomanager 71, at least one video title set #i 72, and another recordedarea 73. These areas 70, 71, 72, 73 are aligned with the boundariesbetween logical sectors. As with a conventional CD, a logical sector isdefined as a set of 2048 bytes. Accordingly, one logical sectorcorresponds to one logical block.

The volume and file structure area 70 corresponds to a management areadetermined in Micro UDF or ISO 9660. According to the description in themanagement area, the video manager 71 is stored in the system ROM/RAMsection 52. As explained with reference to FIG. 5, the information usedto manage video title sets 72 is written in the video manager 71, whichis composed of a plurality of files, starting with file #0. In eachvideo title set 72, compressed video data, compressed audio data,compressed sub-picture data, and the reproducing information about thesedata items are stored as explained later. Each video title set iscomposed of a plurality of files 74. The number of video title sets 72is limited to a maximum of 99. Furthermore, the number of files 74 (fromfile #j to file #j+9) constituting each video title set 72 is determinedto be a maximum of 10. These files 72 are also aligned with theboundaries between logical sectors.

In the other recorded area 73, the information capable of utilizing theaforementioned video title sets 72 is recorded. The other recorded areas73 are not necessarily provided.

As shown in FIG. 5, the video manager 71 contains at least three itemseach corresponding to individual files 74. Specifically, the videomanager 71 is made up of video manager information (VMGI) 75, a videoobject set for video manager menu (VMGM_VOBS) 76, and backup of videomanager information (VMGI_BUP) 77. Here, the video manager information(VMGI) 75 and the backup of video manager information (VMGI_BUP) 77 areindispensable items, and the video object set for video manager menu(VMGM_VOBS) 76 is an optional item. In the video object set 76 for theVMGM, the video data, audio data, and sup-picture data about a menu ofthe volumes of the optical disk managed by the video manager 71 arestored.

By the video object set 76 for VMGM (VMGM_VOBS), the volume name of theoptical disk 10, the sound accompanying the volume name representation,and the description of the sub-picture are displayed and at the sametime, selectable items are provided in the form of sub-pictures as invideo reproduction explained later. For example, the video object set 76for the VMGM (VMGM_VOBS) indicates that the optical disk 10 containsvideo data representing the matches a boxer played until he won a worldchampionship. Specifically, a fighting pose of boxer X, together with avolume name, such as the glorious history of boxer X, is reproduced inthe form of video data and at the same time, his theme song isreproduced, and his chronological table is provided in a sup-picture.Furthermore, the user is asked which language option to select, Englishor Japanese, for example in doing the narration of the matches. At thesame time, the user is asked whether a caption in another languageshould be provided in a sub-picture or which language option should beselected for such a caption. Thus, for example, the VMGM video objectset 76 (VMGM_VOBS) provides the user with preparations to watch a videoof a match of boxer X in English speech with a sub-picture usingJapanese captions.

Here, the structure of a video object set (VOBS) 82 will be describedwith reference to FIG. 6. FIG. 6 shows an example of a video object set(VOBS) 82. The video object set (VOBS) 82 comes in three types for twomenus and a title. Specifically, the video object set (VOBS) 82 containsthe video title set for video manager menu (VMGM_VOBS) 76, a videoobject set (VTSM_VOBS) 95 for a menu in the video title sets 72 and avideo object set (VTSTT_VOBS) 82 for the titles of at least one videotitle set 72 in a video title set (VTS) 72 as explained later. Eachvideo object set 82 has the same structure except that their usesdiffer.

As shown in FIG. 6, a video object set (VOBS) 82 is defined as a set ofone or more video objects (VOB) 83. The video objects 83 in a videoobject set (VOBS) 82 are used for the same application. A video objectset (VOBS) 82 for menus is usually made up of one video object (VOB) 83and stores the data used to display a plurality of menu screens. Incontrast, a video object set (VTSTT_VOBS) 82 for title sets is usuallycomposed of a plurality of video objects (VOB) 83.

When the aforesaid video of a boxing match is taken as an example, avideo object (VOB) 83 corresponds to the video data of each match playedby boxer X. Specifying a particular video object (VOB) 83 enables, forexample., boxer X's eleventh match for a world championship to bereproduced on a video. The video object set (VTSM_VOBS) 95 for a menu ofthe video title sets 72 contains the menu data for the matches played byboxer X. According to the presentation of the menu, a particular match,for example, boxer X's eleventh match for a world championship, can bespecified. In the case of a usual single story movie, one video object(VOB) 83 corresponds to one video object set (VOBS) 82. One video streamis completed with one video object set (VOBS) 82. In the case of acollection of animated cartoons or an omnibus movie, a plurality ofvideo streams each corresponding to individual stories are provided in asingle video object set (VOBS) 82. Each video stream is stored in thecorresponding video object 83. Accordingly, the audio stream andsub-picture stream related to the video stream are also completed witheach video object (VOB) 83.

An identification number (IDN#j) is assigned to a video object (VOB) 83.By the identification number (ID#j), the video object (VOB) 83 can beidentified. A video object (VOB) 83 further comprises one or more suchcells 84. Although a usual video stream is made up of a plurality ofcells 84, a menu video stream, or a video object (VOB) 83 may becomposed of one cell 84. A cell 84 is likewise assigned anidentification number (C_IDN#j). By the identification number (C_IDN#j),the cell 84 is identified.

As shown in FIG. 6, each cell 84 is composed of one or more video objectunits (VOBU) 85, normally a plurality of video object units (VOBU) 85.Here, a video object unit (VOBU) 85 is defined as a pack train having anavigation pack (NAV pack) 86 at its head. Specifically, a video objectunit (VOBU) 85 is defined as a set of all the packs recorded, startingat a navigation pack (NAV pack) 86 to immediately in front of the nextnavigation pack. The reproducing time of the video object unit (VOBU) 85corresponds to the reproducing time of the video data made up of one ormore GOP (Group of Pictures) contained in the video object unit (VOBU)85 as shown in FIG. 6. The maximum reproducing time is determined to be0.4 or more second and less than one second. In MPEG, one GOP is definedas compressed image data which corresponds to about 15 frames to beplayed back for, usually, 0.5 seconds.

In the case where the video data includes a video object unit, asillustrated in FIG. 6, GOPs each composed of a video pack (V pack) 87, asub-picture pack (SP pack) 90, an audio pack (A pack) 91 and a computerdata pack (C pack) 88, all complying to the MPEG standards, arearranged, producing a video data stream. Regardless of the number ofGOPs, a video object (VOBU) 83 is determined based on the time requiredfor producing a GOP. The video object (VOBU) 83 has a navigation pack(NAV) pack 86 arranged at its head. Any reproduced data, whether audiodata, sub-picture data, or audio/sub-picture data, consists of one morevideo object units. Thus, even if a video object unit is composed ofonly audio packs only, these audio packs 91 will be reproduced withinthe time for reproducing the video object unit. The procedure ofreproducing these packs will be explained later in detail, along withthe procedure of reproducing the navigation pack (NAV pack) 86.

The video manager 71 will be explained with reference to FIG. 5. Thevideo management information 75 placed at the head of the video manager71 contains the information used to search for titles and theinformation used to manage the video title sets (VTS) 72, such as theinformation used for reproduction of a video manager menu. The videomanagement information 75 contains at least three tables 78, 79, 80 inthe order shown in FIG. 5. Each of these tables 78, 79, 80 is alignedwith the boundaries between logical sectors. A first table 78, a videomanger information management table (VMGI_MAT) 78 is a mandatory table,in which the size of the video manager 71, the starting address of eachpiece of the information in the video manger 71, and the attributeinformation about the video object set (VMGM_VOBS) 76 for a videomanager menu are written.

Written in a second table of the video manager 71, i.e., a title searchpointer table 79 (TT_SRPT), is an entry program chain (EPGC) of thevideo titles (VTS) 72 contained in the optical disk 10 that areselectable according to the entry of a title number from the key/displaysection 4 on the apparatus.

Here, a program chain 187 is a set of programs 189 that reproduce thestory of a title as shown in FIG. 7. Continuous reproduction of aprogram chain 87 completes the movie of a title. Therefore, the user canstart to see the movie from a particular scene of the movie byspecifying the program 89.

In a third table of the video manager 71, i.e., a video title setattribution table (VTS_ATRT) 80, the attribute information associatedwith the video title set 72, in the volume of the optical disk 10 iswritten. Specifically, in this table 72, the following items are writtenas attribute information: the number of video title sets, video titleset numbers, video attributes, such as a video data compression scheme,audio stream attributes, such as an audio coding mode, and sub-pictureattributes, such as the type of sup-picture display.

The contents of the video manager information management table(VMGI_MAT) 78 and the title search pointer table (TT_SRPT) 79 will beexplained in detail with reference to FIGS. 8, 9, 10, and 11.

As shown in FIG. 8, written in the video manager information managementtable (VMGI_MAT) 78 are a video manager identifier (VMG_ID), the size ofvideo manager information (VMGI_SZ) in logical blocks (one logical blockcontains 2048 bytes as mentioned above), the version number (VERN) ofthe optical disk 10 complying with the digital versatile disk videospecification, and the category of video manager 71 (VMG_CAT).

In the category of video manager 71 (VMG_CAT), a flag indicating whetheror not the DVD video directory prohibits copying is written. Furtherwritten in the table (VMGI_MAT) are a volume set identifier (VLMS_ID),the number of video title sets (VTS_Ns), the identifier for a personsupplying the data to be recorded on the disk (Provider Unique ID:PVR_ID), a video manager menu video object set start address(VNGM_VOBS_SA), the end address (VMGI_MAT_EA) of a video managerinformation management table (VMGI-MAT) 78, and the start address(TT_SRPT_SA) of a title search pointer table (TT_SRPT) 79. The endaddress of VMG_MAT 78 (VMGI_MAT_EA) and the start address of TT_SRPT(TT_SRPT_SA) 79 are represented by the number of logical blocks,relative to the first logical block.

Furthermore, in the table 78, the start address (VTS_ATRT_SA) of theattribute table (VTS_ATRT) 80 of video title sets (VTS) 72 isrepresented by the number of bytes, relative to the first byte in theVMGI manager table (VMGI_MAT) 71, and the video attribute (VMGM_V_AST)of the video manager menu (VMGM) is written. Further written in thetable 78 are the number of audio streams (VMGM_AST_Ns) in the videomanager menu (VMGM), the attributes of audio streams (VMGM_AST_ATR) inthe video manager menu (VMGM), the number of sub-picture streams(VMGM_SPST_Ns) in the video manager menu (VMGM), and the attributes ofsub-picture streams (VMGM_SPST_ATR) in the video manager menu (VMGM).

In the title search pointer table (TT_SRPT) 79, as shown in FIG. 9, thetitle search pointer table information (TT_SRPTI) 92 is first writtenand then as many title search pointers for input numbers 1 to n (n≦99)as are needed are written consecutively. When the reproducing data foronly one title exists, for example, only the video data for one title,is stored in the volume of the optical disk, only one title searchpointer (TT_SRP) 93 is written in the table (TT_SRPT) 79.

The title search pointer table information (TT_SRPTI) 92 contains thenumber of entry program chains (EN_PGC_Ns) and the end address(TT_SRPT_EA) of the title search pointer 93 as shown in FIG. 10. Theaddress (TT_SRPT_EA) is represented by the number of bytes, relative tothe first byte in the title search pointer table (TT_SRPT) 79.Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 11, each title search pointer (TT_SRP) 93contains the video title set number (VTSN), the program chain number(PGCN), and the start address (VTS_SA) of the video title set 72. Thecontents of the title search pointer (TT_SRP) 93 specifies a video titleset 72 to be reproduced and a program chain (PGC) 87 as well as alocation in which the video title set 72 is to be stored. The startaddress (VTS_SA) of the video title set 72 is represented by the numberof logical blocks in connection with the title set 72 specified by thevideo title set number (VTSN).

The structure of the logic format of the video title set 72 shown inFIG. 4 will be described with reference to FIG. 12. In each video titleset (VTS) 72, four items are written in the order shown in FIG. 12. Eachvideo title set (VTS) 72 is made up of one or more video titles havingcommon attributes. The video title set information (VTSI) 94 containsthe management information on the video titles, including theinformation on entry search points, the information on playback of videoobject sets 72, the information on playback of title set menus (VTSM),and the attribute information on video object sets 72.

Each video title set 72 is provided with the backup of the video titleset information (VTSI_BUP) 97. Between the video title set information(VTSI) and the backup of the information (VTSI_BUP) 97, a video objectset for video title set menus (VTSM_VOBS) 95 and a video object set forvideo title set titles (VTSTT_VOBS) 96 are arranged. Both of the videoobject sets (VTSM_VOBS and VTSTT_VOBS) 95, 96 have the structure shownin FIG. 6, as explained earlier.

The video title set information (VTSI) 94, the backup of the information(VTSI_BUP) 97, and the video object set (VTSTT_VOBS) 96 for video titleset titles are items indispensable to the video title set 72. The videoobject set (VTSM_VOBS) 96 for video title set menus is an optionprovided as the need arises.

The video title set information (VTSI) 94 consists of four tables asshown in FIG. 12. The four tables are forced to align with theboundaries between logical sectors. The video title set informationmanagement table (VTSI_MAT) 98, a first table, is a mandatory table, inwhich the size of the video title set (VTS) 72, the start addresses ofeach piece of information in the video title set (VTS) 72, and theattributes of the video object sets (VOBS) 96 in the video title set(VTS) 72 are written.

The video title set direct access pointer table (VTS_DAPT) 99, a secondtable, is an optional table provided as the need arises. Written in thetable 99 are the program chains (PGC) 87 and/or programs (PG) 89contained in the video title set 72 that are selectable according to theentry of a title number from the key/display section 4 of the apparatus.

The video title set program chain information table (VTS_PGCIT) 100, athird table, is a mandatory table, in which the VTS program chaininformation (VTS_PGCI) 104 is written. The video title set time searchmap table (VTS_MAPT) 101, a fourth table, is an optional table providedas the need arises, in which the information on the recording location,for a specific period of time of display, of the video data in eachprogram chain (PGC) 87 in the title set 72 to which the map table(VTS_MAPT) 101 belongs is written.

Next, the video title information management table (VTSI_MAT) 98 andvideo title set program chain information table (VTSI_PGCIT) 100 shownin FIG. 12 will be described with reference to FIGS. 13 to 20.

FIG. 13 shows the contents of the video title information managementtable (VTSI_MAT) 98, in which the video title set identifier (VTS_ID),the size of the video title set 72 (VTS_SZ), the version number of theDVD video specification (VERN), and the video title set category(VTS_CAT) are written in that order. Furthermore, in the table(VTSI_MAT) 98, the start address of the video object set (VTSM_VOBS) forVTS menus is expressed by a logical block relative to the first logicalblock in the video title set (VTS) 72. The start address (VTSTT_VOB_SA)of the video object 83 for titles in the video title set (VTS) 72 isexpressed by a logical block (RLBN) relative to the first logical blockin the video title set (VTS) 72.

Furthermore, in the table (VTSI_MAT) 98, the end address (VTI_MAT_EA) ofthe video title set information management table (VTI_MAT) 98 isrepresented by the number of blocks, relative to the first byte in thetable (VTI_MAT), 98 and the start address of the video title set directaccess pointer table (VTS_DAPT) 99 is represented by the number ofblocks, relative to the first byte in the video title set information(VTSI) 94.

Still furthermore, in the table (VTSI_MAT) 98, the start address(VTS_PGCIT_SA) of the video title set program chain information table(PGCIT) 100 is expressed by the number of blocks, relative to the firstbyte of the video title set information (VTSI) 94, and the start address(VTS_MAPT_SA) of the time search map (VTS_MAPT) 101 in the video titleset (VTS) 72 is expressed by a logical sector relative to the firstlogical sector in the video title set (VTS) 72. Written in the table(VTSI_MAT) 98 are the video object set (VTSM_VOBS) 95 for the videotitle set menu (VTSM) in the video title set (VTS) 72, the videoattributes (VTS_V_ATR) of the video object set (VTST_VOBS) 96 for thetitles (VTSTT) in the video title set 72, and the number of audiostreams (VTS_AST_Ns) in the video object set (VTSTT_VOBS) 82 for thetitles (VTSTT) for the video title sets 72. Here, the video attributes(VTS_V_ATR) include a video compression mode, a frame rate of the TVsystem, and an aspect ratio for displaying an image on a display unit.

Written in the table (VTSI_MAT) 98 are the audio stream attributes(VTS_AST_ATR) of the video object set (VTST_VOBS) for the titles (VTSTT)in the video title set (VTS). The attributes (VTS_AST_ATR) include anaudio encoding mode indicating how audio is encoded, the number of bitsused to quantize audio, and the number of audio channels.

Furthermore, written in the table (VTSI_MAT) 98 are the number(VTS_SPST_Ns) of sub-picture streams in the video object set 82 for thetitles (VTSTT) in the video title set (VTS) 72 and the attributes(VTS_SPST_ATR) of each sub-picture stream. The attributes (VTR_SPST_ATR)for each sub-picture stream include a sub-picture coding mode and asub-picture display type.

Furthermore, in the table (VTSI_MAT) 98, written are the number(VTSM_AST_Ns) of audio streams in the video title set menu (VTSM), theaudio stream attributes (VTSM_AST_ATR), the number (VTSM_SPST_Ns) ofsup-picture streams, and the sup-picture stream attributes(VISM_SPST_ATR).

The VTS program chain information table (VTS_PGCIT) 100 has a structureas shown in FIG. 14. In the information table (VTS_PGCIT) 100,information on the VTS program chain (VTS_PGC) is written, starting withinformation (VTS_PGCIT_I) 102 on the information table (VTS_PGCIT) 100related to the VTS program chain (VTS_PGC). In the information table(VTS_PGCIT) 100, the information (VTS_PGCIT_I) 102 is followed by asmany VTS_PGCI search pointer (VTS_PGCIT_SRP) 103 used to search for VTSprogram chains (VTS_PGC) as the number (#1 to #n) of VTS program chainsin the information table (VTS_PGCIT). At the end of the table, there areprovided as many pieces of information (VTS_PGCI) 104 on the respectiveVTS program chains (VTS_PGC) as the number (from #1 to #n) of the VTSprogram chains (VTS_PGC).

The information (VTS_PGCIT_I) 102 in the VTS program chain informationtable (VTS_PGCIT) 100 contains the number (VTS_PGC_Ns) of VTS programchains (VTS_PGC) as shown in FIG. 15. The end address (VTS_PGCIT_EA) ofthe table information (VTS_PGCIT_I) 102 is expressed by the number ofbytes, relative to the first byte in the information table (VTS_PGCIT)100.

Furthermore, as shown in FIG. 16, the VTS_PGCIT search pointer(VTS_PGCIT_SRP) 103 contains the attributes (VTS_PGC_CAT) of the programchains (VTS_PGC) in the video title set (VTS) 72 and the start address(VTS_PGCI_SA) of the VTS_PGC information (VTS_PGCI) 104 expressed by thenumber of bytes, relative to the first byte in the VTS_PGC informationtable (VTS_PGCIT) 100. Here, the VTS_PGC attribute (VTS_PGC_CAT) is, forexample, an attribute indicating whether an entry program chain (EntryPGC) is the first one to be reproduced. Usually, an entry program chain(PGC) is written before program chains (PGC) that are not entry programchains (PGC). Generally, program chains (PGC) are reproduced in thedescription order of VTS_PGCIs as shown in FIG. 14.

The PGC information (VTS_PGCI) 104 in the video title set 72 containsfour items as shown in FIG. 17. In the PGC information (VTS_PGCI) 104,the program chain general information (PGC_GI) 105 which is a mandatoryitem, is first arranged, followed by at least three items that are onlyrequired when there is a video object 83. These three items in the PGCinformation (VTS_PGCI) 104 are a program chain program map (PGC_PGMAP)106, a cell playback information table (C_PBIT) 107, and a cell positioninformation table (C_POSIT) 108.

As shown in FIG. 18, the program chain general information (PGC_GI) 105contains the category (PGCI_CAT) of the program chain 187, the contents(PGC_CNT) of the program chain (PGC) 187, and the playback time(PGC_PB_TIME) of the program chain (PGC) 187. Written in the category ofPGC (PGCI_CAT) are whether the PGC can be copied or not and whether theprograms 89 in the PGC are played back continuously or at random. Thecontents of PGC (PGC_CNT) contains the description of the program chainstructure, that is, the number of programs 89, the number of cells 84,and the number of angles in the program chain 87. The playback time ofPGC (PGC_PB_TIME) contains the total playback time of the programs 89 inthe PGC. The playback time is the time required to continuously playback the programs 89 in the PGC, regardless of the playback procedure.

Furthermore, the program chain general information (PGC_GI) 105 containsPGC sub-picture stream control (PGC_SPST_CTL), PGC audio stream control(PGC_AST_CTL), and PGC sub-picture pallet (PGC_SP_PLT). The PGCsub-picture stream control (PGC_SPST_CTL) contains the number ofsub-pictures usable in the PGC 89 and the PGC audio stream control(PGC_AST_CTL) likewise contains the number of audio streams usable inthe PGC 89. The PGC sub-picture palette (PGC_SP_PLT) contains a set of aspecific number of color pallets used in all of the sub-picture streamsin the PGC 89.

Furthermore, the PGC general information (PGC_GI) 105 contains the startaddress (C_PBIT_SA) of the cell playback information table (C_PBIT) andthe start address (C_POSIT_SA) of the cell position information table(C_POSIT) 108. Both of the start addresses (C_PBIT_SA and C_POSIT_SA)are represented by the number of logical blocks, relative to the firstbyte in he VTS_PGC information (VTS_PGCI) 105.

The program chain program map (PGC_PGMAP) 108 is a map showing thearrangement of the programs 89 in the PGC 187 of FIG. 19. In the map(PGC_PGMAP) 106, the entry cell numbers (ECELLN), the start cell numbersof the individual programs 89, are written in ascending order as shownin FIGS. 19 and 20. In addition, program numbers are allocated, startingat 1, in the order in which the entry cell numbers are written.Consequently, the first entry number in the map (PGC_PGMAP) 106 must be#1.

The cell playback information table (C_PBIT) defines the order in whichthe cells 84 in the PGC 187 are played back. In the cell playbackinformation table (C_PBIT) 107, pieces of the cell playback information(C_PBI) are written consecutively as shown in FIG. 21. Basically, cells84 are played back in the order of cell number. The cell playbackinformation (C_PBIT) 108 contains a cell category (C_CAT) as shown inFIG. 22. Written in the cell category (C_CAT) are a cell block modeindicating whether a cell is in the block and if it is in the block,whether the cell is the first one, a cell block type indicating whethera cell 84 is not part of the block or is in an angle block, and an STCdiscontinuity flag indicating whether the system time clock (STC) mustbe set again.

Further written in the cell category (C_CAT) are a cell playback modeindicating whether the video object units (VOBU) 85 in the cell 84 areplayed sack continuously or a picture is made still at one video objectunit (VOBU) 85 to another in the cell 84, and cell navigation controlindicating whether the picture is made still after the playback of thecell or indicating the rest time.

As shown in FIG. 22, the cell playback information table (C_PBIT) 107contains the cell playback time (C_PBTNM) representing the totalplayback time of the PGC 187. When the PGC 187 has an angle cell block,the playback time of the angle cell number 1 represents the playbacktime of the angle block. Further written in the cell playbackinformation table (C_PBIT) 107 are the start address (C_FVOBU_SA) of thefirst video object unit (VOBS) 85 in the cell 84 expressed by the numberof logical sectors, relative to the first logical sector in the videoobject unit (VOBS) 85 in which the cell 84 is written and the startaddress (C_LVOBU_SA) of the end video object unit (VOBS) 85 in the cell84 expressed by the number of logical sectors, relative to the firstlogical sector in the video object unit (VOBS) 85 in which the cell 84is written.

The cell position information table (C_POSI) 108 specifies theidentification number (C_VOB_IDN) of the video object (VOB) 85 in thecell used in the PGC 187 and the identification number (C_IDN) of thecell 84. In the cell position information table (C_POSI) 108, pieces ofthe cell position information (C_POSI) corresponding to the cell numberswritten in the cell playback information table 107 as shown in FIG. 23are written in the same order as in the cell playback information table(C_PBIT) 107. The cell position information (C_POSI) contains theidentification number (C_VOB_IDN) of the video object unit (VOBS) 85 inthe cell 84 and the cell identification number (C_IDN) as shown in FIG.24.

As explained with reference to FIG. 6, a cell 84 is a set of videoobject units (VOBU) 85. A video object unit 85 is defined as a packtrain starting with a navigation (NAV) pack 86. Therefore, the startaddress (C_FVOBU_SA) of the first video object unit (VOBU) 85 in a cell84 is the start address of the NAV pack 86. As shown in FIG. 25, the NAVpack 86 consists of a pack header 110, a system header 111, and twopackets 116, 117 of navigation data; namely, a playback controlinformation (PCI) packet 116 and a data search information (DSI) packet117. As many bytes as shown in FIG. 25 are allocated to the respectivesections so that one pack may contain 2048 bytes corresponding to onelogical sector. The NAV pack is provided immediately before the videopack 88 which contains the first data item in the group of pictures(GOP). Even if the object unit 85 contains no video pack 88, the NAVpack 86 is positioned at the head of the object unit 85, provided thatthe object unit 85 contains an audio pack 91 and/or a sub-picture pack90. Thus, even if object unit 85 contains no video pack, its playbacktime is determined on the basis of the time required for playing back avideo pack 88, exactly in the same way as in the case where the unit 85contains a video pack 88.

Here, a GOP is defined as a data train constituting a screen determinedin the MPEG standards. In other words, GOP is equivalent to compresseddata which may be expanded into image data representing a plurality offrames of a moving picture. The pack header 110 contains a pack startingcode, a system clock reference (SCR), and a multiplex rate. The systemheader 111 contains a bit rate and a stream ID. The packet header 112,114 of each of the PCI packet 116 and DCI packet 117 contains a packetstarting code, a packet length, and a stream ID as determined in theMPEG2.

As shown in FIG. 26, another video pack 87, audio pack 91 sub-picturepack 90 or computer data pack 88 consists of a pack header 120, packetheader 121, and a packet 122 containing the corresponding data as in thesystem layer 24 MPEG 2. Its pack length is determined to be 2048 bytes.Each of these packs is aligned with the boundaries between logicalblocks.

The PCI data (PCI) 113 in the PCI packet 116 is navigation data used tomake a presentation, or to change the contents of the display, insynchronization with the playback of the video data in the VOB unit(VOBU) 85. Specifically, the PCI data (PCI) 113 contains PCI generalinformation (PCI_GI) as information on the entire PCI data 113 change asshown in FIG. 27. The PCI general information (PCI_GI) contains theaddress (NV_PCK_LBN) of the NAV pack 86 in which the PCI data isrecorded as shown in FIG. 28, the address being expressed in the numberof blocks, relative to the VOBU logical sector in which the PCI data isrecorded. The PCI general information (PCI_GI) contains the category ofVOBU (VOBU_CAT), the start PTS of VOBU 85 (VOBU_SPTS), and the end PTSof VOBU 85 (VOBU_EPTS). Here, the start PTS of VOBU 85 (VOBU_SPTS)indicates the playback start time (start presentation time stamp (SPTS))of the video data in the VOBU 85 containing the PCI data. The playbackstart time is the playback start time of the first picture in the firstGOP in the VOBU 85. Normally, the first picture corresponds to I picture(intra-picture) data in the MPEG standards. The end PTS (VOBU_EPTS) inthe VOBU 85 indicates the playback end time (end presentation time stamp(EPTS)) of the video data in the VOBU 85 containing the PCI data. Theplayback end time is the playback start time of the last picture in thelast GOP in the VOBU 85.

The DSI data (DSI) 115 in the DSI packet 117 shown in FIG. 25 is thenavigation data used to search for a VOB unit (VOBU) 85. The DSI data(DSI) 115 contains the DSI general information (DSI_GI), VOBU searchinformation (VOBU_SI), and the synchronizing playback information(SYNCI) as shown in FIG. 29.

The DSI information (DSI_GI) contains information about the entire DSIdata 115. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 30, the DSI general information(DSI_GI) contains the system clock reference (NV_PCK_SCR) for the NAVpack 86. The system clock reference is stored in the system time clock(STC) 54A, 58A, 60A or 62A built in each section of FIG. 1. On the basisof the STC 54A, 58A, 60A, 62A, video, audio, and sub-picture packs aredecoded at the video, audio, and sub-picture decoders 58, 60, and 62 andthe monitor 6 and the speaker 8 reproduce images and sound,respectively. The DSI general information (DSI_GI) contains the startaddress (NV_PCK_LBN) of the NAV pack 86 containing the DSI dataexpressed by the number of logical sectors (RLSN), relative to the firstlogical sector in the VOB set (VOBS) 82 containing the DSI, and theaddress (VOBU_EA) of the last pack in the VOB unit (VOBU) 85 containingthe DSI data expressed by the number of logical sectors (RLSN), relativeto the first logical sector in the VOB unit (VOBU) 85.

Furthermore, the DSI general information (DSI_GI) contains the endaddress (VOBU_IP_EA) of the video pack 88 containing the last data itemfor the first I picture in the VOB unit (VOBU) expressed by the numberof logical sectors (RLSN), relative to the first logical sector in theVOB unit (VOBU) 85 containing the DSI data, and the identificationnumber (VOBU_IP_EA) of the VOB 83 containing the DSI and theidentification number (VOBU_C_IDN) of the cell 84 in which the DSI datais recorded.

The search information (VOBU_SI) in VOBU 85 contains information used toidentify the first address in a cell 84.

The synchronizing information (SYNCI) contains address information onthe sub-pictures and audio data reproduced in synchronization with theplayback start time of the video data in the VOB unit (VOBU) 85containing the DSI data. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 31, the startaddress (A_SYNCA) of the target audio pack is expressed by the number oflogical sectors (RLSN), relative to the NAV pack 86 in which DSI data115 is recorded. When there are more than one audio stream (8 audiostreams maximum), as many pieces of the synchronizing information(SYNCI) as there are audio streams are written. Furthermore, thesynchronizing information (SYNCI) contains the address (SP_SYNCA) of theNAV pack 86 of the VOB unit (VOBU) 85 containing the target audio pack91, the address being expressed by the number of logical sectors (RLSN),relative to the NAV pack 86 in which DSI 115 is recorded. When there aremore than one sub-picture stream (32 sub-picture streams maximum), asmany pieces of the synchronizing information (SYNCI) as there aresub-picture streams are written.

The pack length of the above pack is adjusted to 2048 bytes (one logicalsector). If the pack length is less than 2048 bytes and when the numberof bytes necessary for attaining the above value is six bytes or less,the pack length is adjusted by adding stuffing bytes in the pack header,and when the necessary number of bytes is seven bytes or more, thepacket length is adjusted by adding one byte of stuffing byte and addinga padding packet corresponding to the necessary number of bytes to thepacket.

The pack header is constructed by a 4-byte pack start code (000001BAh),6-byte SCR (System Clock Reference, system time standard referencevalue), 3-byte multiplexing rate (MUX rate; 0468A8h), and 1-byte to7-byte stuffing bytes (000h). The packet is constructed by 2034 bytes asa reference and padding packet (effective data 00h which has nosignificance as data is recorded in the unit of byte) for pack lengthadjustment is inserted into the packet as required.

That is, as shown in FIG. 32, in a case where the length of dataconstructing the packet is 2034 bytes to 2028 bytes, one or morestuffing bytes corresponding to a deficient number of byte or bytes areadded to (inserted into) the pack header.

Further, as shown in FIG. 33, in a case where the length of dataconstructing the packet is 2027 bytes or less, a padding packet of bytesof a number corresponding to the deficient number is added.

For example, a case wherein video data is formed in a pack form isexplained.

That is, as shown in FIG. 34, in a case where video data having a datalength of 2015 bytes is formed in a pack form, the reference byte number(2034 bytes) of one packet is compared with a byte number (2021 bytes)obtained by adding six bytes of the packet header to the number of bytes(2015 bytes) of the video data, and as the result of comparison, it isdetermined that a deficient number of bytes is 13 and it is necessary toadd a padding packet of 13 bytes, and a pack of 2048 bytes is formed bya normal 14-byte pack header including a 1-byte stuffing byte and apacket of 2034 bytes constructed by adding a 13-byte padding packet tothe video packet of 2021 bytes.

Further, as shown in FIG. 35, in a case where video data having a datalength of 2025 bytes is formed in a pack form, the reference byte number(2034 bytes) of one packet is compared with a byte number (2031 bytes)obtained by adding six bytes of the packet header to the number of bytes(2025 bytes) of the video data, and as the result of comparison, it isdetermined that a deficient number of bytes is 3 and it is necessary toadd 3-byte stuffing bytes, and a pack of 2048 bytes is formed by a17-byte pack header including 3-byte stuffing bytes in addition to a1-byte stuffing byte and a video packet of 2031 bytes.

Next, the above pack is explained in detail.

As shown in FIG. 25, a NAV pack 86 is arranged just before a video packcontaining head data of one GOP and constructed by a 14-byte pack header110, 24-byte system header 111, PCI packet 116 of 980 bytes or less, andDSI packet 117 of 1024 bytes or less. The PCI packet 116 is constructedby a 6-byte packet header 112, 1-byte sub-stream ID 118, and a data area113 in which 979-byte PCI data can be stored, and the DSI packet 117 isconstructed by a 6-byte packet header 114, 1-byte sub-stream ID 119 anda data area 115 in which 1017-byte DSI data can be stored.

As described before, the pack header 110 is constructed by a 4-byte packstart code (000001BAh), 6-byte SCR (System Clock Reference, system timestandard reference value), 3-byte multiplexing rate (MUX rate; 0468A8h),and 1-byte to 7-byte stuffing bytes (00h).

The system header 111 is constructed by a 4-byte system header startcode (000001BBh), 2-byte header length and the like.

The packet headers 112, 114 are each constructed by a 3-byte packetstart code (000001h), 1-byte stream ID (10111111b: private stream 2),2-byte PES (Packetized Elementary Stream) packet length.

A code (00000000b) indicating the PCI stream is given to the sub-streamID 118.

A code (00000001b) indicating the DSI stream is given to the sub-streamID 119.

As shown in FIGS. 36A, 36B, in a video pack 87, one pack is constructedby a 14-byte pack header 120 and a video packet which is constructed bya 9-byte packet header 121 a and a data area 122 in which video data ofup to 2025 bytes can be stored (FIG. 36A) or a video packet constructedby a 19-byte packet header 121 b and a data area 122 in which video dataof up to 2015 bytes can be stored (FIG. 36B). The pack header 120 hasthe same structure as that used in the case of the NAV pack 86.

If the packet header 121 is a 9-byte packet header, it is constructed bya 3-byte packet start code (000001h), 1-byte stream ID (11100000b: MPEGvideo stream), 2-byte PES (Packetized Elementary Stream) packet length,and 3-byte data relating to PES.

If the packet header 121 b is a 19-byte packet header, it contains a5-byte PTS (Presentation Time Stamp; time management information forreproduction output) and a 5-byte DTS (Decoding Time Stamp; timemanagement information for decoding) in addition to the above 9 bytes.The PTS and DTS are described only in a video packet containing headdata of I picture of the video stream.

If an audio pack 91 is compressed coding data which conforms to theDolby AC3, as shown in FIG. 37A, one pack is constructed by a 14-bytepack header 120 and an audio packet which is constructed by a 14-bytepacket header 121 c, 1-byte sub-stream ID 131, a frame number 132 ofone-byte configuration indicating the number of audio frames in thepacket data, a first access unit pointer 133 of two-byte configurationindicating the head position of the first audio frame in the packetdata, and a data area 134 in which audio data of up to 2016 bytes can bestored. The pack header 120 has the same structure as that used in thecase of the NAV pack 86. If no PTS is contained in the packet header 121c, the packet header 121 c is constructed by 9 bytes and the capacity ofthe data area 134 in which audio data can be stored is expanded to 2021bytes.

If the audio pack 91 is linear PCM coding data, as shown in FIG. 37B,one pack is constructed by a 14-byte pack header 120 and an audio packetwhich is constructed by a 14-byte packet header 121 d, 1-byte sub-streamID 131, a frame number 132 of one-byte configuration indicating thenumber of audio frames in the packet data, a first access unit pointer133 of two-byte configuration indicating the head position of the audioframe in the packet data, audio data information 135 of three-byteconfiguration in which information of audio data in the packet data isdescribed, and a data area 134 in which audio data of up to 2013 bytescan be stored. The pack header 120 has the same structure as that usedin the case of the NAV pack 86. If no PTS is contained in the packetheader 121 d, the packet header 121 d is constructed by 9 bytes and thecapacity of the data area 134 in which audio data can be stored isexpanded to 2018 bytes.

As information of audio data of the audio data information, a framenumber, a processing unit indicating that one data length is 16-bitlength, 20-bit length or 24-bit length, a sampling frequency and thelike are described.

The packet header 121 is constructed by a 3-byte packet start code(000001h), 1-byte stream ID (10111101b: private stream 1), 2-byte PES(Packetized Elementary Stream) packet length, 3-byte content of PES, and5-byte PTS (Presentation Time Stamp; time management information forreproduction output).

In the sub-stream ID 131 given in a case where audio data is compressedcoding data which conforms to the Dolby AC3, a code (10000xxxb : xxx isa stream number) indicating an AC3 stream is provided.

In the sub-stream ID 131 given in a case where audio data is linear PCM,a code (10100xxxb : xxx is a stream number) indicating a linear PCMstream is provided.

One frame of the audio data is constructed by, for example, 772-byteaudio data containing a 4-byte frame header and four bytes on the rightand left sides of “0” to “191”.

As shown in FIG. 38, in a sub-picture pack 90, one pack is constructedby a 14-byte pack header 120 and a sub-picture packet which isconstructed by a 14-byte packet header 121, 1-byte sub-stream ID 141 anda data area 142 in which sub-picture data of up to 2019 bytes can bestored. If no PTS is contained in the packet header 121, the packetheader 121 is constructed by 9 bytes and the capacity of the data area142 in which sub-picture data can be stored is expanded to 2024 bytes.The pack header 120 has the same structure as that used in the case ofthe NAV pack 86.

A code (001xxxxxb : xxxxx stream number) indicating a sub-picturestream-is given to the sub-stream ID 141.

The packet header 121 is constructed by a 3-byte packet start code(000001h), 1-byte stream ID (10111101b : private stream 1), 2-byte PES(Packetized Elementary Stream) packet length, 3-byte data relating toPES, and 5-byte PTS (Presentation Time Stamp; time managementinformation for reproduction output). The PTS is described only in asub-picture packet containing head data of each sub-picture unit.

As shown in FIG. 39, in a computer data pack 88, one pack is constructedby a 14-byte pack header 120 and a packet which is constructed by a14-byte packet header 121, 1-byte sub-stream ID 151, 2-byte computerenvironmental data 152 and a data area 153 in which computer data of upto 2017 bytes can be stored. If no PTS is contained in the packet header121, the packet header 121 is constructed by 9 bytes and the capacity ofthe data area 153 in which computer data can be stored is expanded to2022 bytes. The pack header 120 has the same structure as that used inthe case of the NV pack 86.

As the computer environmental data 152, an application CPU andapplication OS are described. For example, as shown in FIG. 40, fourdifferent classifications can be selected, and if the application CPU is“CPU1” and the application OS is “OS1”, “0110(h)” is described, if theapplication CPU is “CPU1” and the application OS is “OS2”, “0111(h)” isdescribed, if the application CPU is “CPU2” and the application OS is“OS3”, “1002(h)” is described, and if the application CPU is “CPU1” andthe application OS is “OS3”, “0102(h)” is described.

A code (11000000b) indicating a computer stream is given to thesub-stream ID.

The packet header 121 is constructed by a 3-byte packet start code(000001h), 1-byte stream ID (10111101b : private stream 1), 2-byte PES(Packetized Elementary Stream) packet length, 3-byte data relating toPES, and 5-byte PTS (Presentation Time Stamp; time managementinformation for reproduction output). The PTS is described only in acomputer data packet containing head data of each computer data stream.

In an SCR described in each of the above packs, the value of a head packfor each video title set is set to “0” and increased in an ascendingorder according to the order of recording of data into the optical disk10.

As shown in FIG. 41, the stream ID described in the packet header 121 ofeach pack indicates the program stream map in the case of “10111100”,the private stream 1 in the case of “10111101”, the padding stream(dummy data) in the case of “10111110”, the private stream 2 in the caseof “10111111”, the MPEG audio stream (xxxxx; stream number) in the caseof “110xxxxx”, the MPEG video stream (xxxx; stream number) in the caseof “1110xxxx”, the entitlement (permission) control message in the caseof “11110000”, the entitlement (permission) management message in thecase of “111110010”, the DSM control command in the case of “11110010”,and the program stream directory in the case of “11111111”.

The sub-stream IDs 131, 141, 151 respectively described in the packs ofthe audio pack 91, sub-picture pack 90, computer data pack 88 correspondto the private stream 1, and as shown in FIG. 42, the stream IDindicates the linear PCM audio stream in the case of “10100xxx” in which“xxx” indicates the stream number, indicates the sub-picture stream inthe case of “001xxxxx” in which “xxxxx” indicates the stream number,indicates the computer data stream in the case of “11000000”, andindicates the Dolby AC3 audio stream in the case of “10000xxx” in which“xxx” indicates the stream number.

The sub-stream IDs 118, 119 respectively described in the PCI packet andDSI packet in the NV pack 87 correspond to the private stream 2, and asshown in FIG. 43, the sub-stream ID indicates the PCI stream in the caseof “00000000”, and indicates the DSI stream in the case of “00000001”.

Next, a concrete example of the structure of the pack 91 of linear audiodata is explained with reference to FIG. 44.

As the stream ID in the packet header 121, “10111101” indicating theprivate stream 1 is described, as the sub-stream ID 131 in the packetheader 121, “10100011” indicating the linear PCM audio stream isdescribed and “3” is described as the stream number thereof, and as thefirst access unit pointer 133, “01DB(h)” is described. In the data area134 of the packet, remaining data (472 bytes) in the preceding frame andtwo frame data items (772-byte configuration for one frame) are stored.

Next, a concrete example of the structure of the pack 88 of computerdata is explained with reference to FIG. 45.

As the stream ID in the packet header 121, “10111101” indicating theprivate stream 1 is described, as the sub-stream ID 151, “11000000”indicating the computer data stream is described, and as the computerenvironmental data 152, “0111(h)” indicating that the application CPU is“CPU1” and the application OS is “OS2” is described. In the data area153 of the packet, computer data is stored.

Next, a concrete example of the structure of the pack 90 of sub-picturedata is explained with reference to FIG. 46.

As the stream ID in the packet header 121, “10111101” indicating theprivate stream 1 is described, as the sub-stream ID-141, “00100101”indicating the sub-picture stream is described and “5” is described asthe stream number thereof. In the data area 142 of the packet,sub-picture data of up to 2019 bytes is stored.

The system processor section 54 includes a packet transfer processingsection 200 for determining the classification of the packet andtransferring data in the packet to each decoder. As shown in FIG. 47,the packet transfer processing section 200 includes a memory interfacesection (memory I/F section) 201, stuffing length detecting section 202,pack header end address calculating section 203, pack classificationjudgment section 204, packet data transfer control section 205 anddecoder interface section (decoder I/F section) 206.

The memory I/F section 201 outputs pack data from the data RAM section56 to the stuffing length detecting section 202, pack classificationjudgment section 204, packet data transfer control section 205 anddecoder I/F section 206 via a data bus.

The stuffing length detecting section 202 detects the number of bytes ofthe stuffing length in the pack header 120 in pack data supplied fromthe memory I/F section 201 and the result of detection is output to thepack header end address calculating section 203.

The pack header end address calculating section 203 calculates a packheader end address based on the stuffing length supplied from thestuffing length detecting section 202 and the result of calculation isoutput to the pack classification judgment section 204 and packet datatransfer control section 205.

The pack classification judgment section 204 determines one of the videopack 87, audio pack 91, sub-picture pack 90, NV pack 86 and computerdata pack 88 based on the content of 4-byte data which comes after anaddress included in pack data supplied from the memory I/F section 201according to the pack header end address supplied from the pack headerend address calculating section 203 and the result of determination isoutput to the packet data transfer control section 205.

When a 1-byte stream ID indicating the private stream 2 is supplied, theNV pack 86 is identified. When a stream ID indicating a video stream issupplied, the video pack 87 is identified. When a 1-byte stream IDindicating a private stream 1 is supplied, the audio pack 81, thesub-picture pack 90 or the computer data pack 88 is identified.

When the audio pack 91, sub-picture pack 90 or computer data pack 88 isdetermined, the Dolby AC3 audio stream, linear audio stream, sub-picturestream or computer data stream is determined according to the sub-streamID 131, 141, or 151 which follows the packet header 121.

For example, as shown in FIG. 42, the linear audio stream is determinedin the case of “10100xxx” (xxx; stream number), the Dolby AC3 audiostream is determined in the case of “10000xxx” (xxx; stream number), thesub-picture stream is determined in the case of “001xxxxx” (xxxxx;stream number), and the computer data stream is determined in the caseof “11000000”.

The packet data transfer control section 205 determines the transferdestination and packet start address according to the pack header endaddress supplied from the pack header end address calculating section203 and the result of judgment of pack classification supplied from thepack classification judgment section 204 and determines the packetlength in the packet header 121 of the supplied pack data. Further, thepacket data transfer control section 205 supplies a signal indicatingthe transfer destination as a transfer control signal to the decoder I/Fsection 206 and the packet end address based on the packet start addressis supplied to the memory I/F section 201.

The decoder I/F section 206 outputs video data, audio data, sub-picturedata to corresponding decoder sections 58, 60, 62 as packet datacontaining the packet header 121 supplied from the memory I/F section201 to the packet data transfer control section 205 in response to atransfer control signal supplied from the packet data transfer controlsection 205 and outputs navigation data and computer data as packet datato the data RAM 56.

Next, the operation of reproducing movie data from the optical disk 10having the logic format shown in FIGS. 4 to 24 is explained withreference to FIG. 1. In FIG. 1, arrows indicated by solid lines betweenthe blocks indicate data buses and arrows indicated by broken linesindicate control buses.

In the optical disk device shown in FIG. 1, when the power supply isturned ON, the system CPU section 50 reads out an initial operationprogram from the system ROM and RAM 52 and operates the disk drivesection 30. Therefore, the disk drive section 30 starts the readoutoperation for the lead-in area 27 and then the readout operation iseffected for the volume and file structure area 70 which follows thelead-in area 27 and defines the volume and file structure in conformityto ISO-9660 or the like. The CPU section 50 supplies a read instructionto the disk drive section 30 to read out data from the volume and filestructure area 70 recorded in a preset position of the optical disk 10set in the disk drive section 30, reads out the content of the volumeand file structure area 70 and temporarily stores the readout contentinto the data RAM section 56 via the system processor section 54. Thesystem CPU section 50 extracts management information as informationnecessary for the management and information of the recording position,recording capacity, size and the like of each file by use of a passtable and directory record stored in the data RAM section 56, transfersthe same to a preset location of the system ROM & RAM 52 and stores thesame therein.

Next, the system CPU section 50 acquires the video manager 71constructed by a plurality of files starting from the file number “0”from the system ROM & RAM section 52 by referring to information of therecording position and recording capacity of each file. That is, thesystem CPU section 50 supplies a read instruction to the disk drivesection 30 by referring to information of the recording position andrecording capacity of each file acquired from the system ROM & RAMsection 52, acquires the position and size of a plurality of filesconstructing the video manager 71 lying on the route directory, readsout the video manager 71, and stores the same into the data RAM section56 via the system processor section 54. The video manager informationmanagement table (VMGI_MAT) 78 which is the first table of the videomanager 71 is searched. A start address (VMGM_VOBS_SA) of the videoobject set (VMGM_VOBS) 76 for the video manager menu (VMGM) is acquiredby the searching operation and the video object set (VMGM_VOBS) 76 isreproduced. The operation of reproducing the video object set(VMGM_VOBS) 76 is the same as the reproducing operation for the videoobject set (VTSM_VOBS) for the title in the video title set (VTS), andtherefore, explanation for the reproducing procedure is omitted. Whenthe language is set by use of the video object set (VMGM_VOBS) 76 orwhen no video manager menu (VMGM) is present, the video managerinformation management table (VMGI_MAT) is searched to search for thestart address (TT_SRPT_SA) of the title set search pointer table(TT_SRPT) 79.

By the searching operation, the title set search pointer table (TT_SRPT)79 is transferred to a preset location of the system ROM & RAM section52 and stored therein. Next, the system CPU section 50 acquires a lastaddress of the title search pointer table (TT_SRPT) 79 from the titlesearch pointer table information (TSPTI) 92 and acquires a start address(VTS_SA) of the video title set, program chain number (PGCN) and videotitle set number (VTSN) corresponding to an entry number from the titlesearch pointer (TT_SRP) 93 corresponding to the entry number from thekey operation/display section 4. When only one title set is present, onetitle search pointer (TT_SRP) 93 is searched irrespective whether theentry number from the key operation/display section 4 is present or notand the start address (VTS_SA) of the title set is acquired. The systemCPU section 50 acquires an object title set based on the start address(VTS_SA) of the title set.

The system CPU section 50 acquires the stream number of video, audio,sub-picture for video manager menu and attribute information itemsdescribed in the information management table (VMGI_MAT) 78 of the videomanager information (VMGI) 75 and sets parameters for reproduction ofvideo manager menu in the video recorder section 58, audio recordersection 60 and sub-picture decoder section 62 based on the attributeinformation.

Next, as shown in FIG. 12, the video title set information (VTSI) 94 ofthe title set is acquired from the start address (VTS_SA) of the videotitle set 72 shown in FIG. 11. The end address (VTI_MAT_EA) of the videotitle set information management table (VTSI_MAT) 98 shown in FIG. 13 isacquired from the management table (VTSI_MAT) 98 of video title setinformation of the video title set information (VTSI) 94 and respectiveportions of the reproducing apparatus shown in FIG. 1 are set accordingto the attributes thereof based on the numbers of streams (VTS_AST_Ns,VTS_SPST_Ns) of audio and sub-picture data items and attributeinformation items (VTS_V_ATR, VTS_A_ATR, VTS_SPST_ATR) of video, audioand sub-picture data items.

When the menu (VTSM) for the video title set (VTS) is simple instructure, the start address (VTSM_VOB_SA) of the video object set(VTSM_VOB) 95 for mend in the video title set is acquired from the videotitle set information management table (VTSI_MAT) 98 shown in FIG. 13and the menu of the video title set is displayed by the video object set(VTSM_VOB) 95. When the video object set (VTT_VOBS) 96 for the title(VTST) in the title set (VTS) is simply reproduced by referring to themenu without selecting the program chain (PGC), the video object set 96is reproduced from the start address (VTSTT_VOB_SA) shown in FIG. 13.

When the program chain (PGC) is specified by the key operation/displaysection 4, an object program chain is searched for in the followingprocedure. The procedure of searching for the program chain is notlimited to the operation of searching for a program chain for the titlein the video title set and the same procedure can be used for searchingfor a program chain for a relatively complicated menu constructed byprogram chains. The start address of the program chain information table(VTS_PGCIT) 100 in the video title set (VTS) shown in FIG. 13 anddescribed in the management table (VTSI_MAT) 98 of the video title setinformation (VTSI) 94 is acquired and information (VTS_PGCIT_I) 102 ofthe VTS program chain information table shown in FIG. 14 is fetched. Thenumber of program chains (VTS_PGC_Ns) and the end address (VTS_PGCIT_EA)shown in FIG. 15 are acquired from the information (VTS_PGCIT_I) 102.

When the program chain number is specified by the key operation/displaysection 4, the category of the program chain shown in FIG. 16 from theVTS_PGCIT search pointer (VTS_PGCIT_SRP) 103 shown in FIG. 14 andcorresponding to the specified number and the start address of VTS_PGCinformation 104 corresponding to the search pointer (VTS_PGCIT_SRP) 103are acquired. The program chain general information (PGC_GI) shown inFIG. 17 is read out by use of the start address (VTS_PGCI_SA). Thecategory of the program chain (PGC) and reproducing time (PGC_CAT,PGC_PB_TIME) are acquired by use of the general information (PGC_GI) andthe start addresses (C_PBIT_SA, C_POSIT_SA) of the cell reproductioninformation table (C_PBIT) and cell position information table (C_POSIT)108 described in the general information (PGC_GI) are acquired. Theidentifier (C_VOB_IDN) of the video object and the identifier (C_IDN) ofthe cell as shown in FIG. 24 are acquired as the cell positioninformation (C_POSI) shown in FIG. 23 by use of the start address(C_PBIT_SA).

Further, cell reproduction information (C_PBI) shown in FIG. 21 isacquired by use of the start address (C_POSIT_SA), the start address(C_FVOBU_SA) of the first VOBU 85 in the cell shown in FIG. 22 anddescribed in the reproduction information (C_PBI) and the start address(C_LVOBU_SA) of the last VOBU are acquired, and the target cell issearched for. The cell reproduction order is determined by referring tothe map of the program shown in FIG. 19 in the PGC program map(PGC_PGMAP) 106 shown in FIG. 17 to sequentially determine thereproduction cell 84. The thus determined data cells 84 of the programchain are sequentially read out from the video object 144 and input tothe data RAM section 56 via the system processor section 54. The datacell 84 is supplied to the video decoder section 58, audio decodersection 60 and sub-picture decoder section 62 according to thereproduction time information and decoded, converted by the D/A andreproduction processing section 64, and an image is reproduced on themonitor section 6 and a sound is reproduced from the speaker section 8.

Next, the normal operation of reproducing video data by using thenavigation pack 86 is explained in detail with reference to theflowchart.

In the normal reproduction of video data, when the normal reproductionis started as shown in FIG. 48, the video manager information (VMGI) 75is searched for by the system CPU section 50 as explained before afterthe starting step indicated by the step S11 is effected and then it isstored into the system ROM/RAM section 52 by the steps S12. Likewise,the video title set information (VTSI) 94 of the video title set (VTS)72 is fetched based on the video manager information (VMGI) 75 and thevideo title set menu is displayed on the monitor section 6 by use of thevideo object set (VTSM_VOBS) 95. Based on the display, the userdetermines the title set 72 to be reproduced and the reproductioncondition as indicated by the step S13. If the determined title set 72is selected by the key operation/display section 4, data of the cellreproducing information table (C_PBIT) 107 shown in FIGS. 17, 21, 22 arefetched from the program chain information table (VTS_PGCIT) 100 shownin FIG. 12 in the selected title set 72 by the system CPU section 50 asindicated by the step S14 and stored into the system ROM/RAM section 52.

The system CPU section 50 determines the program chain number(VTS_PGC_Ns), angle number (ANGNs), audio stream number and sub-picturestream number for starting the reproduction according to the reproducingcondition input from the key operation/display section 4 by the stepS15. For example, the program chain is determined such that the EleventhWorld Champion Match of Boxing is selected as the title and the Japanesecaption is used as the sub-picture under the English narration. Further,the user may determine a video image which can always provide favorableobservation of the fight between the two boxers as the angle. The thusdetermined sub-picture number and audio stream number are set in theregister 54B of the processor section 54 in the step S16. Likewise, thereproduction start time is set in the system time clock (STC) 54A, 58A,60A, 62A of the system processor section 54, video decoder section 58,audio decoder section 60 and sub-picture decoder section 62. Further,the start address of first VOBU in the cell used as the start addressand the PGC number, that is, cell number are stored in the systemROM/RAM section 52.

A read command is supplied from the system CPU section 50 to the diskdrive section 30 when the preparation for reading the video title set ismade as shown in the step S17 and a seek process is effected for theoptical disk 10 by the disk drive section 30 based on the received startaddress. Cells associated with the specified program chain (PGC) aresequentially read out from the optical disk 10 in response to the readcommand and supplied to the data RAM section 56 via the system CPUsection 50 and system processing section 54. The supplied cell data isstored as a pack into the data RAM section 56 from the navigation pack86 which is the head pack of the video object unit (VOBU) 85 as shown inFIG. 6. After this, the video pack 87, audio pack 91, sub-picture pack90 and computer data pack 88 of the video object unit (VOBU) 85 arerespectively supplied to the video decoder section 58, audio decodersection 60, sub-picture decoder section 62 and data RAM section 56,decoded by the respective decoders and then supplied to the D/A and datareproducing section 64. As a result, a video signal is supplied to themonitor section 6, an audio signal is supplied to the speaker section 8,and display of the video image with the sub-picture is started and voicereproduction is started.

The content of the computer data pack 88 is stored into the work area ofthe data RAM section 56 for the system CPU section 50.

Then, the system CPU section 50 executes another process by usingprogram data as the computer data or starts another program in thesystem ROM/RAM section 52.

For example, when Japanese pachisi game is played in the course of videooperation, the simple program for the Japanese pachisi game is notrecorded in the system ROM/RAM section 52 and is read out as thecomputer data as described above.

Further, by causing the program to be read out as the computer data, apreset program stored in the system ROM/RAM section 52 is started.

If an interruption from the key operation/display section 4 occursduring the reproduction of video and audio signals, key data obtained atthis time is stored into the system RAM/ROM section 52. If no key datais obtained, whether an interruption of the end of reproduction from thedrive section is present or not is checked. If the interruption of theend of reproduction is not present, a standby state for transfer of thenavigation pack 86 is set. If transfer of the navigation pack 86 iscompleted, the logical sector number (NV_PCK_LSN) in the navigation pack86 is stored into the system RAM/ROM section 52 as the present logicalblock number (NOWLBN).

When transfer of the NV pack 86 is completed, whether it is the last NVpack 86 in the cell or not is checked. That is, whether it is the lastnavigation pack 86 in the cell 84 or not is checked. The checkingoperation is effected by comparing the start address (C_LVOBU_SA) ofC_LVOBU of the cell reproduction information table (C_PBI) 107 shown inFIG. 22 with the address (V_PCK_LBN) of the navigation pack 86. If theNV pack 86 is the last one in the cell, whether a change of the angle ismade or not is checked. The change of angle is determined based onwhether or not a change of angle is entered from the keyoperation/display section 4 to the system CPU section 50. If no changeof angle is made, whether or not the cell is the last cell of theprogram chain (PGC) to which the cell 84 belongs is checked. Thechecking operation is effected based on whether or not the cell 84 shownin FIGS. 17 and 21 is the last cell of the cell reproduction informationtable (C_PBIT) 107. That is, the checking operation is effected based onthe number of cells constituting the program chain and theidentification number of the reproduced cell. If the end of playback hasbeen specified, or if there is no program chain, the end PTS (VOBU_EPTS)contained in the PCI general information (PCI_GI) is referred to in stepS18. When the end PTS (VOBU_EPTS) coincides with the system time clock(STC), the monitor 6 will stop displaying on the screen as shown in stepS19, then the system CPU will supply a data transfer stop command to thedisk drive section 30, which thereby stops the data transfer,terminating the playback operation (step S20).

Next, the pack transfer process is explained with reference to theflowchart shown in FIG. 49.

The system CPU section 50 transfers a read command and the logicalsector address of a to-be-reproduced pack to the disk drive section 30(step S31).

Then, the disk drive section 30 seeks a target address (step S32).

The disk drive section 30 corrects an error of data of the targetaddress and transfers main data portion of the logical sector data tothe system processor section 54 (step S33).

The system processor section 54 stores data of the readout logicalsector in the data RAM section 56 (step S34).

The system processor section 54 reads out pack headers 110, 120 from thehead portion of data of the logical sector stored in the data RAMsection 56 and stores the SCR (system time standard reference value)thereof (step S35).

At this time, since the head of the logical sector coincides with thehead of the pack data, data can be easily fetched.

Then, the system processor section 54 compares the PTS thereof with theSCR of the stored pack, determines a pack corresponding to the SCR whichhas reached the PTS, that is, a to-be-reproduced pack, reads out thedetermined pack data from the data RAM section 56, determines theclassification of data by the packet transfer processing section 200,and transfers data to the decoder section 58, 60, 62 or data RAM section56 according to the determined classification (step S36).

The decoder sections 58, 60, 62 decode data according to the respectivedata formats and the set coding system and supplies the decoded data tothe D/A & reproduction processing section 64. After a digital signalobtained as the result of decoding of video data is converted into ananalog signal by the D/A & reproduction processing section 64, thesignal is subjected to the frame rate processing, aspect process,pan-scan process and the like according to the set condition and thenoutput to the monitor section 6. After a digital signal obtained as theresult of decoding of audio data is converted into an analog signal bythe D/A & reproduction processing section 64, the signal is subjected tothe mixing process according to the set condition by the D/A &reproduction processing section 64 and then output to the speakersection 8. After the D/A & reproduction processing section 64 converts adigital signal obtained as the result of decoding of sub-picture datainto an analog signal, the signal is output to the monitor section 6(step S37).

When the data RAM section 56 is supplied with program data as computerdata, it stores the data together with the computer environmentalclassification indicating the application OS and the CPU classificationand outputs the computer environmental classification and data thereofto the system CPU section 50.

The above steps S33 to S37 are repeatedly effected until reproduction iscompleted.

Next, the operation of the packet transfer processing section 200 isexplained.

Pack data read out from the data RAM section 56 is supplied to thestuffing length detecting section 202, pack classification judgmentsection 204, packet data transfer control section 205 and decoder I/Fsection 206 via the memory I/F section 201 (step S41).

Then, the stuffing length is detected by the stuffing length detectingsection 202 and data indicating the stuffing length is output to thepack header end address calculating section 203 (step S42).

The pack header end address calculating section 203 calculates the packheader end address based on the supplied stuffing length and the packheader end address is supplied to the pack classification judgmentsection 204 and packet data transfer control section 205 (step S43).

The pack classification judgment section 204 determines the NV pack 86,video pack 87, Dolby AC3 audio pack 91, linear PCM audio pack 91,sub-picture pack 90, or computer data pack 88 based on the content of4-byte to 6-byte data supplied after the pack header end addressaccording to the pack header end address and the result of determinationis supplied to the packet data transfer control section 205 (step S44).

That is, when a 1-byte stream ID indicating the private stream 2 issupplied, the NV pack 786 is identified; when a stream ID indicating avideo stream is supplied, the video pack 87 is identified; and when a1-byte stream ID indicating a private stream 1 is supplied, the audiopack 81 of the Dolby AC3, the audio pack 91 of the linear PCM, the audiopack 91, the sub-picture pack 90, or the computer data pack 88 isidentified.

In a case where the stream ID is the private stream 1, the linear PCMaudio pack is determined if the sub-stream ID (131, 141, 151) followingthe packet header 121 is “10100xxx”, and the stream number is determinedby “xxx”.

In a case where the stream ID is the private stream 1, the Dolby AC3audio pack is determined if the sub-stream ID (131, 141, 151) followingthe packet header 121 is “10000xxx”, and the stream number is determinedby “xxx”.

In a case where the stream ID is the private stream 1, the sub-picturestream is determined if the sub-stream ID (131, 141, 151) following thepacket header 121 is “001xxxxx”, and the stream number is determined by“xxxxx”.

In a case where the stream ID is the private stream 1, the computer datastream is determined if the sub-stream ID (131, 141, 151) following thepacket header 121 is “11000000”.

When the linear PCM audio pack 91 or Dolby AC3 audio pack 91 isdetermined, an offset byte number indicating the head position of thefirst frame is determined by the 2-byte first access unit pointer 133following the frame header number 132 which is set after the sub-streamID 131.

Then, the packet data transfer control section 205 determines thetransfer destination and packet start address according to the suppliedresult of determination of the pack classification, pack header endaddress and first access unit pointer 133 and determines the packetlength in the packet header 121 of the supplied pack data. As a result,the packet data transfer control section 205 supplies a signalindicating the transfer destination as a transfer control signal to thedecoder I/F section 206 and the packet end address based on the packetstart address is supplied to the memory I/F section 201 (step S45).

Thus, substantially effective data is supplied from the memory I/Fsection 201 to the decoder I/F section 206 via the data bus, and then,transferred to the decoder 58, 60, 62 or data RAM section 56 as thetransfer destination corresponding to the classification (step S46).

That is, the packet data of video data is transferred to the decoder 58,the packet data of audio data is transferred to the decoder 60, thepacket data of sub-picture data is transferred to the decoder 62, andthe packet data of computer data is transferred to the date RAM section56.

In this case, since the pack data has a constant length and the storagestate in the data RAM section 56 is made uniform, that is, the startaddresses are set at regular intervals, the heads of the pack data itemsin the data RAM section 56 are always stored at the addresses set atregular intervals, and therefore, the management of the pack data can beattained only by managing the pack number without managing the address.

In a case where data is DSI data and PCI data as NV data indicating thereproduction position of video data, the NV data is not transferred tothe decoder in the process of determination of the classification ofdata, and the NAV data is stored in the data RAM section 56. The NAVdata is referred to by the system CPU section 50 when required and usedto reproduce video data in a special way. At this time, the PCI data andDSI data are identified by the sub-stream ID attached thereto.

Further, when reproduction of one cell is completed, cell information tobe next reproduced is acquired from cell reproduction order informationin the program chain data and the reproducing process is effected in thesame manner as described above.

Next, the video data in the logic formats shown in FIGS. 4 to 31, amethod of recording data on the optical disk 10 to reproduce the videodata, and a recording system to which the recording method is appliedwill be explained with reference to FIGS. 50 to 55.

FIG. 50 shows an encoder system that creates a video file of a title set84 in which the video data is encoded. In the system of FIG. 50, forexample, a videotape recorder (VTR) 201, an audiotape recorder (ATR)202, a sub-picture source 203 and a computer data source 204 are used assources of the main video data, the audio data, the sup-picture data andcomputer data. Under the control of a system controller (Sys con) 205,they create the main video data, audio data, and sup-picture data, whichare supplied to a video encoder (VENC) 206, an audio encoder (AENC) 207,a sub-picture encoder (SPENC) 208, and a computer data encoder (CENC)209, respectively. Under the control of the system controller (Sys con)205, these encoders 206, 207, 208, and 209 perform A/D conversion of themain video data, audio data, and sup-picture data and encode them by therespective compression schemes. The encoded main video data, audio data,and sub-picture data (Comp Video, Comp Audio, Comp Sub-pict, CompComputer) are stored in memories 210, 211, 212, and 213. The main videodata, audio data, and sub-picture data (Comp Video, Comp Audio, CompSub-pict) are outputted to a file formatter (FFMT) 214 under the controlof the system controller (Sys con) 205, which converts them so that theymay have a file structure of video data for the system as explainedearlier. Then, under the control of the system controller (Sys con) 205,the setting conditions for each data item and the management informationincluding attributes are stored in a memory 216 in the form of files.

Explained next will be a standard flow of an encoding process in thesystem controller (Sys con) 205 that creates a file from video data.

According to the flow of FIG. 51, the main video data and the audio dataare encoded and the encoded main video data and audio data (Comp Video,Comp Audio) are supplied. Specifically, when the encoding process isstarted, as shown in step S50 of FIG. 51, the parameters necessary forencoding the main video data and audio data are set. Part of the setparameters are stored in the system controller (Sys con) 205 and at thesame time, are used at the file formatter (FFMT) 214. As shown in stepS51, the main video data is pre-encoded using the parameters and theoptimum distribution of the amount of codes is calculated. Then, on thebasis of the code amount distribution obtained in the pre-encoding, themain video data is encoded as shown in step S52. At the same time, theaudio data is also encoded at step S52. As shown in step in S53, ifnecessary, the main video data is partially encoded again and thereencoded portion of the main video data is replaced with the old one.Through the series of steps, the main video data and audio data areencoded. Furthermore, as shown in steps S54 and S55, the sub-picturedata is encoded and the encoded sub-picture data (Comp Sub-pict) issupplied. Namely, the parameters necessary for encoding the sub-picturedata is set. As shown in step S54, part of the parameters are stored inthe system controller (Sys con) 205 and used in the file formatter(FFMT) 214. On the basis of the parameters, the sub-picture data isencoded. By the process, the sup-picture data is encoded.

Furthermore, as shown in steps S56 and S57, the computer data is encodedand the encoded computer data (Comp Computer) is supplied. Namely, theparameters necessary for encoding the computer data is set. As shown instep S56, part of the parameters are stored in the system controller(Sys con) 205 and used in the file formatter (FFMT) 214. On the basis ofthe parameters, the computer data is encoded. By the process, thecomputer data is encoded.

According to the flow of FIG. 52, the encoded main video data, audiodata, sup-picture data, and computer data (Com Video, Com Audio, CompSub-pict, Comp Computer) are combined and converted so as to form avideo data title set structure as explained in FIGS. 4 and 12.Specifically, as shown in step S61, a cell is set as the smallest unitof the video data and cell playback information on a cell (C_PBI) iscreated. Then, as shown in step S62, the structure of the cellsconstituting a program chain and the main video, sub-picture, and audioattributes (the information obtained in encoding the respective dataitems are used part of these attributes) are set and the video title setinformation management table information (VTSI_MAT) 98 containinginformation on a program chain and a video title set time search maptable (VTS_MAPT) 101 are created. At this time, as the need arises, avideo title set direct access pointer table (VTS_DAPT) is also created.Then, as shown in step S63, the encoded main video data, audio data,sup-picture data, and computer data (Com Video, Comp Audio, CompSup-pict, Comp Computer) are subdivided into specific packs. An NV pack86 is placed at the head of each VOBU unit so that playback can beeffected in the order of time code of each data item. With the NV packs86 arranged this way, each data cell is positioned so that a videoobject (VOB) may be composed of a plurality of cells as shown in FIG. 6.A set of such video objects is formatted into the title set structure.

In the flow of FIG. 52, the program chain information (PGI) is obtainedin the process of step S62 by using the database in the systemcontroller (Sys con) 205 or entering data again as the need arises.

FIG. 53 shows a disk formatter system that records on an optical diskthe title set formatted as described above. In the disk formatter systemof FIG. 53, the memories 220, 222 in which the created title set isstored supply these file data items to a volume formatter (VFMT) 226. Inthe volume formatter (VFMT) 226 extracts the management information fromthe title sets 84, 86, produces a video manager 71, and create the logicdata to be recorded on the disk 10 in the arrangement of FIG. 4. A diskformatter (DFMT) 228 adds error correction data to the logic datacreated at the volume formatter (VFMT) 226, thereby reconverting thelogic data into physical data to be recorded on the disk. A modulator230 converts the physical data created at the disk formatter (DFMT) 228into the recording data to be recorded actually on the disk. Then, arecorder 232 records the modulated recording data on the disk 10.

A standard flow for creating the aforementioned disk will be describedwith reference to FIGS. 54 and 55. FIG. 54 shows the flow for creatingthe logic data to be recorded on the disk 10. Specifically, as shown instep S80, parameter data items, including the number of video datafiles, their arrangement, and the size of each video data file, are setfirst. Next, in step S81 video manger 71 is generated from theparameters set and the video title set information 94 of each videotitle set 72. In step S82, the video manager 71 and the video tile set71 are arranged in the order mentioned, according to their logic blocknumbers, thereby generating logic data which is to be recorded on thedisk 10.

Thereafter, the flow for creating the physical data to be recorded onthe disk as shown in FIG. 55 is executed. Specifically, as shown in stepS83, the logic data is divided into units of a specific number of bytes,thereby forming error correction data. Next, as shown in step S84, thelogic data divided into units of a specific number of bytes are combinedwith the created error correction data to form physical sectors.Thereafter, as shown in step S85, physical data is created by combiningphysical sectors. In this way, the modulating process based on certainrules is performed on the physical data created in the flow of FIG. 55,thereby forming the recording data. Thereafter, the recording data isrecorded on the disk 10.

The above-described data structure can be applied not only to a casewhere the data is recorded on recording mediums, such as optical disks,and then the disks are distributed to the users, but also to acommunication system as shown in FIG. 56. Specifically, according to theprocedure shown in FIGS. 50 to 53, an optical disk 10 in which a videomanager 71 and video title set 72 as shown in FIG. 4 may be loaded intoa reproducing unit 300, from whose system CPU section 50 the encodeddata is taken out digitally and transmitted by a modulator/transmitter310 to the users or the cable subscribers by radio or via a cable.Furthermore, the encoding system 320 shown in FIGS. 50 and 53 may createthe data encoded on the provider side, such as a broadcasting stationand the encoded data may be transmitted by the modulator/transmitter 310to the users or the cable subscribers by radio or via a cable. In such acommunication system, the information in the video manager 71 ismodulated at the modulator/transmitter 310 and then supplied to or isdirectly supplied to the users free of charge. When a user is interestedin the title, the modulator/transmitter 310 transmits the title set 72at the user's or subscriber's request by radio or via a cable. Under thecontrol of the video manager 71, the video title set information 94 isfirst transferred and then the title video object 95 in the video titleset reproduced according to the title set information 94 is transferred.At this time, if necessary, the video title set menu video object 95 isalso transmitted. The transferred data is received by areceiver/demodulator 400 on the user side and is processed as encodeddata at the system CPU section 50 of the reproducing unit on the user orsubscriber side of FIG. 1 in the same manner as in the above-describedreproducing process, whereby the video data is reproduced.

In transferring the video title set 72, the video object sets 95, 96 aretransferred using the video object unit 85 of FIG. 6 as a unit. At thehead of the video object unit 85, an NV pack 86 containing videoplayback and search information is arranged. Furthermore, because the NVpack contains the addresses of the video object units to be reproducedimmediately before and after the video object unit 85 to which the NVpack 86 belongs, even if the video object unit 85 is lost duringtransfer for some reason, the video object can be reproduced reliably onthe user side by requesting the lost video object unit 85 to betransmitted again. Furthermore, even if transfer is not carried out inthe order of playback of video object units, because the system ROM/RAMsection 52 on the user side holds the accurate playback information onprogram chains, the system CPU section 50 can specify the order ofplayback referring to the address data in its NV pack.

While in the above explanation, the video object unit is a data traincontaining video data, audio data, and sub-picture data, the videoobject unit may be composed of audio packs only or sup-picture packsonly, because the video object unit has only to contain any one of videodata, audio data, sub picture data, and computer data.

As described above, data is stored in the data area of the disk in thehierarchical structure of program chains, programs, cells and packs,each pack is constructed by a pack header for identifying the pack and apacket having a data stream recorded therein, and the packet isconstructed by a packet header having data indicating at least a privatestream, data indicating the classification of the private stream, andpacket data corresponding to the classification.

Thus, a plurality of various classification data items can be dealtwith.

Further, when data to be dealt with is Dolby AC3 audio data or linearPCM audio data, reproduction started halfway can be smoothly effected,and when the data is computer data, the environment in which the datacan be used can be easily detected.

In the above embodiment, a case wherein the optical disk of high-densityrecording type is used as the recording medium is explained, but thisinvention can be applied to another recording medium other than theoptical disk, for example, a magnetic disk or another recording mediumphysically recordable with high density.

Additional advantages and modifications will readily occur to thoseskilled in the art. Therefore, the invention in its broader aspects isnot limited to the specific details, representative devices, andillustrated examples shown and described herein. Accordingly, variousmodifications may be made without departing from the spirit or scope ofthe general inventive concept as defined by the appended claims andtheir equivalents.

1. A method of recording data on a machine-readable recording mediumhaving a hierarchical data structure, comprising: receiving an MPEGaudio stream and a predetermined audio stream other than the MPEG audiostream, the MPEG audio stream comprising a plurality of audio dataframes having an MPEG coding format and the predetermined audio streamcomprising a plurality of audio data frames having a predeterminedcoding format different from the MPEG coding format; generating apackage of data containing a plurality of data units representing aplayback object based on the received MPEG and predetermined audiostreams, each of said data units including a data pack train containinga first audio pack and a second audio pack corresponding to the MPEG andpredetermined audio streams respectively, each of the first and secondaudio packs having a same pack size and include a pack header and anaudio data packet containing an audio packet header and audio packetdata corresponding to a part of the audio data frame or frames, whereinthe first audio pack is configured with a first identifier in the packetheader for identifying that the audio packet data corresponds to theMPEG audio stream, the second audio pack having a second identifier inthe packet header for identifying that the audio packet data correspondsto a private stream 1 defined in the MPEG standard, a third identifierdisposed between the packet header and the audio packet data forindicating that the audio packet data in the private stream 1corresponds to the predetermined audio stream, a first access pointerdisposed between the third identifier and the audio packet data forindicating a first access point of the audio data frame in the audiopacket data, and a number of frame headers disposed between the thirdidentifier and the audio packet data for indicating the number of audioframes in the audio packet data; providing a title set area on saidrecording medium on which said package of data is to be recorded;providing a management area on said recording medium on which managementinformation is to be recorded, said management information includingattribute information of the MPEG and predetermined audio streams; andrecording said package of data on said title set area of said recordingmedium and recording said management information on said management areaof said recording medium.
 2. The recording method of claim 1, whereinsaid predetermined audio stream is a linear PCM coded audio data streamand a data packet of said audio data pack further includes audio datainformation for specifying an audio word length and an audio samplingfrequency.
 3. The recording method of claim 1, wherein said data packetof the predetermined audio pack further includes audio frame informationfor describing the number of audio frames included in the audio packetdata.
 4. An apparatus for reproducing data from a machine-readablerecording medium having a hierarchical data structure, comprising: meansfor retrieving management information recorded on a management area ofsaid recording medium and a package of data recorded on a title set areaof said recording medium, said package of data containing a plurality ofdata units to be presented as a playback object from saidmachine-readable recording medium, said data units containing an MPEGaudio stream and a predetermined audio stream other than the MPEG audiostream, said management information including attribute information ofthe MPEG and predetermined audio streams, the MPEG audio streamcomprising a plurality of audio data frames having an MPEG coding formatand the predetermined audio stream comprising a plurality of audio dataframes having a predetermined coding format different from the MPEGcoding format, each of said data units including a data pack traincontaining a first audio pack and a second audio pack corresponding tothe MPEG and predetermined audio streams respectively, each of the firstand second audio packs having a same pack size and includes a packheader and an audio data packet having an audio packet header and audiopacket data corresponding to a part of the audio data frame or frames,wherein the first audio pack is configured with a first identifier inthe packet header for identifying that the audio packet data correspondsto the MPEG audio stream, the second audio pack is configured with asecond identifier in the packet header for identifying that the audiopacket data corresponds to a private stream 1 defined in the MPEGstandard, a third identifier disposed between the packet header and theaudio packet data for indicating that the audio packet data in theprivate stream 1 corresponds to the predetermined audio stream, a firstaccess pointer disposed between the third identifier and the audiopacket data for indicating a first access point of the audio data framein the audio packet data, and a number of frame headers disposed betweenthe third identifier and the audio packet data for indicating the numberof audio frames in the audio packet data; selecting means for selectingone of the MPEG and predetermined audio streams; detecting means fordetecting the first and second identifier to identify that the audiopacket data belongs to the selected one of the MPEG and predeterminedaudio streams; and decoding means for decoding the packet data in theselected one of the MPEG and predetermined audio streams into an audiosignal in response to the detection of the first and second identifierand attribute information contained in said retrieved managementinformation.
 5. The reproduction apparatus of claim 4, wherein thepredetermined coding format corresponds to linear PCM coding and theaudio packet of the predetermined pack further includes audio datainformation specifying an audio word length and an audio samplingfrequency.
 6. A method of recording data on a machine-readable recordingmedium having a hierarchical data structure including a title set area,the method comprising: receiving a predetermined audio stream other thanMPEG audio streams, the predetermined audio stream comprising aplurality of audio data frames having a predetermined coding formatdifferent from the MPEG coding format; creating a title set informationand a data pack train containing audio packs corresponding to thepredetermined audio streams, each of the audio packs having a same packsize and includes a pack header and an audio data packet having an audiopacket header and audio packet data corresponding to a part of the audiodata frame or audio data frames, wherein the audio pack is configuredwith a first identifier in the packet header for identifying that theaudio packet data corresponds to a private stream 1 defined in the MPEGstandard, a second identifier disposed between the packet header and theaudio packet data for indicating that the audio packet data in theprivate stream 1 corresponds to the predetermined audio stream, a firstaccess pointer disposed between the second identifier and the audiopacket data for indicating a first access point of the audio data framein the audio packet data, and said title set information includingattribute information of the predetermined audio stream whichcorresponds to the predetermined audio coding format; and recording thetitle set information and the data pack train on the title set area ofthe machine-readable recording medium.
 7. The recording method of claim6, wherein the predetermined audio stream is linear PCM coded audio datastream and wherein the audio data packet of the audio data pack furtherincludes audio data information for specifying an audio word length andan sampling frequency.
 8. The recording method of claim 6, wherein theaudio data packet further comprises number of frame headers arrangedbetween the first identifier and the access pointer, the numbers offrame headers indicating numbers of the audio frames in the audio packetdata.
 9. An apparatus for reproducing data from a machine-readablerecording medium having a hierarchical data structure including titleset area, said apparatus comprising: means for retrieving themachine-readable recording medium to read a title set information and apredetermined audio stream, other than MPEG audio streams, to bepresented as a playback object, the playback object including a datapack train comprising a plurality of audio data packs and thepredetermined audio stream including a plurality of audio data framesand being divided into the audio packet data corresponding to a part ofthe audio data frame or frames received in the audio data packs, whereineach of the audio data packs has a same pack size and comprises an audiopack header and an audio data packet, the audio data packet comprises anaudio packet header, a first identifier, a first access pointer, and theaudio packet data, the audio packet header includes a second identifierfor indicating that the audio data in the audio data packet belong to aprivate stream 1 defined in the MPEG standard other than the MPEG audiostream, the first identifier indicating that the audio packet data ofthe private stream 1 corresponds to the predetermined audio stream, theaccess pointer indicates a first access point of the audio data frame inthe audio packet data, and said title set information includes attributeinformation of the predetermined audio stream which corresponds to thepredetermined audio coding format; detecting means for detecting thefirst and second identifiers to identify that the audio data belongs tothe predetermined audio stream; and decoding means for decoding thepacket data in the predetermined audio stream into an audio signal inresponse to the detection of the first and second identifiers andattribution information in the title set area.
 10. The reproductionapparatus of claim 9, wherein the predetermined audio stream is a linearPCM coded audio data stream and wherein the audio data packet of theaudio data pack further includes audio data information for specifyingan audio word length and an sampling frequency, and said decoding meansincludes a decoder for decoding PCM audio data.
 11. The reproductionapparatus of claim 9, wherein the audio data packet further comprises anumber of frame headers arranged between the first identifier and theaccess pointer, the number of frame headers indicating a number of audioframes in the audio packet data.
 12. A method of reproducing data from amachine readable recording medium having a hierarchical data structureincluding a title set, comprising: retrieving the machine-readablerecording medium to read a title set area and a predetermined audiostream, other than an MPEG audio stream, to be presented as a playbackobject, the playback object including a data pack train comprising aplurality of audio data packs each having same pack size, and thepredetermined audio stream including a plurality of audio data framesand being divided into audio packet data corresponding to a part of theaudio data frame or frames received in the audio data packs, whereineach of the audio data packs essentially consists of an audio packheader and an audio data packet, the audio data packet comprises anaudio packet header, a first identifier, a first access pointer, and theaudio packet data, the audio packet header includes a second identifierfor indicating that the audio data in the audio data packet belong to aprivate stream 1 other than the MPEG audio stream, the first identifierindicating that the audio packet data of the private stream 1 belongs tothe predetermined audio stream and the access pointer indicating firstaccess point of the audio data frame in the audio packet data, and saidtitle set information includes attribute information of thepredetermined audio stream which corresponds to the predetermined audiocoding format; detecting the first and second identifiers to identifythat the audio data belongs to the predetermined audio stream; anddecoding the packet data in the predetermined audio stream into an audiosignal in response to the detection of the first and second identifiersand second identifiers and attribution information in the title setarea.
 13. The reproduction method of claim 12, wherein the audio datapacket further comprises a number of frame headers arranged between thefirst identifier and the access pointer, the number of frame headersindicating a number of audio frames in the audio packet data.
 14. Thereproduction method of claim 12, wherein the first identifier has apredetermined bit length in which a coding mode of the audio packet dataand stream number for specifying the predetermined audio stream, aredefined.
 15. An apparatus for reproducing data from a machine-readablerecording medium, comprising: searching section configured to search avideo title set recorded on the recording medium, wherein the videotitle set including a video object and a management table for said videotitle set, said video object having an arrangement of video data cells,each cell being composed of video object units, and said video objectunit including a MPEG video stream, MPEG and specific audio streams, andsub-picture streams, wherein said management table includes a videoattribution, number of the audio streams in said video object, audioattributes for the respective MPEG and specific audio streams, number ofthe sub-picture streams in said video object and sub-picture attributesfor the respective sub-picture streams, and wherein each video objectunit is composed of a sequence of data packs, the sequence of data packsincludes a combination of at least one video, MPEG audio, specific audioand sub picture packs and a navigation pack placed at the head of thesequence, the video data pack constituting a part of the MPG videostream, the MPEG audio data pack constituting a part of the MPEG audiostreams, the specific audio data pack constituting a part of thespecific audio streams, and the sub-picture pack constituting a part ofthe sub-picture streams, said video data pack is configured to be of apredetermined size and essentially consists of one pack header and onevideo packet, said video packet having a video packet header and videopacket data corresponding to a video data segment of the MPEG videostream, said video packet header includes a first stream identifier foridentifying that said video data in said video data packet belongs tothe MPEG video stream, the first identifier provided with a video streamnumber for specifying the video stream, said MPEG audio data pack isconfigured to have the same size that of video data pack and essentiallyconsists of one pack header and one audio packet, said audio packethaving an audio packet header, and an audio packet data corresponding toan audio data segment of the MPEG audio stream, said audio packetincludes a second stream identifier for indicating that said audiopacket data belongs to the MPEG audio stream, the second streamidentifier provided with an audio stream number for specifying thespecific audio stream, said specific audio data pack is configured tohave the same size that of video data pack and essentially consists ofone pack header and one audio packet, said specific audio packet havingan audio packet header, a first sub-stream identifier, and an audiopacket data corresponding to an audio data segment of the specific audiostream, said audio packet includes a third stream identifier forindicating that said audio packet data belongs to a private stream 1other than the MPEG video and audio streams, and said first sub-streamidentifier indicating that said audio packet data belongs to thespecific audio stream said first sub-stream identifier provided with anaudio stream number for specifying the specific audio stream, saidsub-picture data pack is configured to have the same size that of videodata pack and essentially consists of one pack header, a secondsub-stream identifier, and one sub-picture packet, said sub-picturepacket having a sub-picture packet header and an sub-picture packet datacorresponding to an sub-picture data segment of said sub-picture datastream, said sub-picture packet includes the third stream identifier forindicating that said sub-picture packet data belongs to the privatestream 1, and said second sub-stream identifier indicating that saidsub-picture packet data belongs to the sub-picture stream, said secondsub-stream identifier provided with an sub-picture stream number forspecifying the sub-picture stream, and said navigation data pack isconfigured to have the same size as that of video data pack andessentially consists of a pack header, a system header, first and secondcontrol data packets, the first control packet having a first controlpacket header a third sub-stream identifier, and first control packetdata, said first control packet header includes a fourth streamidentifier for indicating that the first control packet data belongs toa private stream 2 other than the MPEG video and audio streams and theprivate stream 1, and the second control packet having a second controlpacket header, a fourth sub-stream identifier, and second control packetdata, and said second control packet header includes the fourth streamidentifier for indicating that the second control packet data belongs tothe private stream 2 other than said MPEG video and audio streams andthe private stream 1, and wherein a combination of said fourth streamidentifier and said third sub-stream identifier indicates that the firstcontrol packet data corresponds to presentation data for controlling apresentation of said data units including a playback start time data anda playback end time data, and a combination of said fourth streamidentifier and said fourth sub-stream identifier indicates that saidsecond control packet data corresponds to search data for searching thedata unit wherein said search data includes search address of said dataunits and an end address of last pack in each or said data unit, readingsection configured to read the management table for said video titleset; and acquiring section configured to acquire the first and secondcontrol packet data, the video and sub-picture packet data anti theaudio packet data in the video object unit, and to convert the video andsub-picture packet data into a video signal and the audio packet datainto an audio signal in accordance with the video, audio and sub pictureattributions in the management table.
 16. The apparatus according toclaim 15, wherein the specific audio stream comprises a plurality ofaudio data frames having a predetermined coding format, the audio packetdata corresponds to a part of the audio data frame or frames, and theaudio packet further includes a first access pointer, disposed betweenthe first sub-stream identifier and the audio packet data, configured toindicate a first access point of the audio data frame in the audio datapacket.
 17. The apparatus according to claim 16, wherein the audiopacket further comprises number of frame headers arranged between thefirst sub-stream identifier and the access pointer, the number of frameheaders indicating number of audio frames in the audio packet data. 18.A method of recording data on a recording medium, comprising: preparingMPEG video, MPEG and specific audio, and sub-picture streams, creating avideo object from the MPEG video, MPEG and specific audio, andsub-picture streams, the video object having an arrangement of videodata calls, each cell being composed of video object units, and saidvideo object unit including the MPEG video stream, MPEG and specificaudio streams, and sub-picture streams, wherein each video object unitis composed of a sequence of data packs, the sequence of data packsincludes a combination of at least one video, MPEG audio, specific audioand sub-picture packs and a navigation pack placed at the head of thesequence, the video data pack constituting a part of the MPG videostream, the MPEG audio data pack constituting a part of the MPEG audiostreams, the specific audio data pack constituting a part of thespecific audio streams, and the sub-picture pack constituting a part ofthe sub-picture streams, said video data pack is configured to be of apredetermined size and essentially consists of one pack header and onevideo packet, said video packet having a video packet header and videopacket data corresponding to a video data segment of the MPEG videostream, said video packet header includes a first stream identifier foridentifying that said video data in said video data packet belongs tothe MPEG video strewn, the first identifier provided with a video streamnumber for specifying the video stream, said MPEG audio data pack isconfigured to have the same size that of video data pack and essentiallyconsists of one pack header and one audio packet, said audio packethaving an audio packet header, and an audio packet data corresponding toan audio data segment of the MPEG audio stream, said audio packetincludes a second stream identifier for indicating that said audiopacket data belongs to the MPEG audio stream, the second streamidentifier provided with an audio stream number for specifying thespecific audio stream, said specific audio data pack is configured tohave the same size that of video data pack and essentially consists ofone pack header and one audio packet, said specific audio packet havingan audio packet header, a first sub-stream identifier, and an audiopacket data corresponding to an audio data segment of the specific audiostream, said audio packet includes a third stream identifier forindicating that said audio packet data belongs to a private stream 1other than the MPEG video and audio streams, and said first sub-streamidentifier indicating that said audio packet data belongs to thespecific audio stream, said first sub-stream identifier provided with anaudio stream number for specifying the specific audio stream, saidsub-picture data pack is configured to have the same size that of videodata pack and essentially consists of one pack header, a secondsub-stream identifier, and one sub-picture packet, said sub-picturepocket having a sub-picture packet header and an sub-picture packet datacorresponding to an sub-picture data segment of said sub-picture datastream, said sub-picture packet includes the third stream identifier forindicating that said sub-picture packet data belongs to the privatestream 1, and said second sub-stream identifier indicating that saidsub-picture packet data belongs to the sub-picture stream, said secondsub-stream identifier provided with an sub-picture stream number forspecifying the sub-picture stream, and said navigation data pack isconfigured to have the same size that of video data pack and essentiallyconsists of a pack header, a system header, first and second controldata packets, the first control packet having a first control packetheader, a third sub-stream identifier, and first control packet data,said first control packet header includes a fourth stream identifier forindicating that the first control packet data belongs to a privatestream 2 other than the MPEG video and audio streams and the privatestream 1, and the second control packet having a second control packetheader, a fourth sub-stream identifier, and second control packet data,and said second control packet header includes the fourth streamidentifier for indicating that the second control packet data belongs tothe private stream 2 other than said MPEG video and audio streams andthe private stream 1, and wherein a combination of said fourth streamidentifier and said third sub-stream identifier indicates that the firstcontrol packet data corresponds to presentation data for controlling apresentation of said data units including a playback start time data anda playback end time data, and a combination of said fourth streamidentifier and said fourth sub-stream identifier indicates that saidsecond control packet data corresponds to search data for searching thedata unit wherein said search data includes search address of said dataunits and an end address of last pack in each of said data unit;creating a video title set including the video object and a managementtable for said video title set, wherein said management table includes avideo attribution, number of the audio streams in said video object,audio attributes for the respective MPEG and specific audio streams,number of the sub-picture streams in said video object and sub-pictureattributes for the respective sub-picture streams; and recording thevideo title set on the recording medium.
 19. The method according toclaim 18, wherein the specific audio stream comprises a plurality ofaudio data frames having a predetermined coding format, the audio packetdata corresponds to a part of the audio data frame or frames, and theaudio packet further includes a first access pointer, disposed betweenthe first sub-stream identifier and the audio packet data, configured toindicate a first access point of the audio data frame in the audio datapacket.
 20. The method according to claim 19, wherein the audio packetfurther comprises number of frame headers arranged between the firstsub-stream identifier and the access pointer, the number of frameheaders indicating bumper of audio frames in the audio packet data.